Causes for development of aggression in children

Causes for development of aggression in children Aggression can be loosely defined as any behaviour which is intended to cause harm to another person whether physically or verbally. This investigation specifically evaluates the biological and learning perspective of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in children. Aggression from the biological perspective is often seen as an innate behaviour which is genetically passed on from the parents to their offspring or through other biological factors such as low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin and certain brain structures when manipulated may result in aggressive behaviour. When considering the learning perspective and environmental determinants of aggression in children. The key factors which play an essential role in the development of aggression in children are the observation of others behaviour as demonstrated by Albert Bandura (1961) as well as, the frustration aggression hypothesis which has been found to be a considerable factor in the development of aggression. This examination investigates the origins of childhood aggression and evaluates two differing perspectives being the biological and learning perspective and collectively concludes that there are various factors which contribute to a child acting aggressively. Biological factors such as genetics, low levels of serotonin and the amygdale have proven to result in childhood aggression. Similarly, environmental determinants such as observation of others, media and video games have also been found to cause childhood aggression. However, an understanding and strong evaluation of both the biological and learning perspective has lead to a stronger foundation of understanding childhood aggression. Therefore, to fully understand the origins of aggressive behaviour both biological and environmental factors must be considered within their limited scope (i.e. Strengths and weaknesses). There are many ways in which aggression can be defined. According to Berkowitz (1975) aggression is any behaviour which causes intentional harm to another person. There are many different forms of aggression which includes verbal, physical and emotional behaviours that are apparent in some children. Studies conducted on young children suggest that aggression develops in young children based on their biological background or their environmental context. This essay will be exploring and evaluating the biological perspective and learning perspective of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in young children. This issue is worthy of investigation since aggression has become a substantial social problem amongst upcoming generations. It has always appealed to me to understand the basis of aggressive behaviour as I have seen this behaviour amongst most children, teenagers as well as adults. It is my curiosity and eagerness to discover more about the development of aggression from two opposing views being the biological and learning which has motivated me to undertake th is research topic for my extended essay. To begin with, the biological perspective is based on the assumption that behaviour is biologically determined. All psychological issues stem from a physiological background. Therefore, aggression in children based on the biological perspective is considered to be an innate behaviour. Biological factors which trigger aggressive behaviour in children are inheritance, as well as the neurotransmitter serotonin and certain structures in the brain which trigger aggressive behaviour. Many theories and case studies have been put forward to support the hypothesis that aggression in children is biologically determined which will be discussed in further detail. (Weiten, W. 2007).

Modern Art History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Art History - Assignment Example The paper "Modern Art History" will explore movements of modern art. The study analyzes cubists, suprematists etc. Some of the characteristics of cubism include openness which involves creating 3 dimensional objects into a 2 dimensional surface. A cubist therefore has to show more than one view at a time. The paintings are not based on precise art but use angles and shapes especially circles and rectangles. Cubism is broken into two spheres which include analytical and synthetic cubism. Analytical cubism involves breaking ofnatural forms and transforming them into little cubes or geometrical form. Synthetic cubism involves creating objects and focussing on the object together. Use of mixed medium is also one characteristic used by cubist as it mixes different mediums to create a composition of one surface. The artists use little cubes to depict a person or object from different views. According to Kazimir Malevich Suprematism is represented by the black icon which is found in almost all his drawings. The square presents suprematism symbol and the circle is a shape originating from the black box. The black box is an icon of suprematism according to Malevich. The black box is also referred to as a symbol creating the 3D dimension. Malevich emphasizes that the black box should not be viewed as monochrome but should be viewed as an infinite symbol of space creating openness into space. The paintings by Malevich and his disciples depicts constellations of algebra and has opened a greatfield of study. in arithmetic and mathematics. Question 3 part1 According to Clement Greenberg (Jeanne), abstract expressionism includes art that depict collective consciousness and is greater than any one nation. The abstract expressionist had difficult time putting their art into view as the world was under war. The artist had the role to turn their spirituality and express it into fine art. The artists had to ask themselves several questions including what and why they should paint a piece of art before starting any artistic piece of art. The abstract artists had to undergo a reformation from the ancient type of art such as modernism and break through to modern type of art. Artistic work from artists such as Marko Rothko shunned the dream of content surrealism hence shifting illustrative art into abstract art. This concept was picked and used by artist such as Rosenberg who depicts existentialism in his painting of ‘American action painters of 1952’. Greenberg further expresses that abstract expressionism redefined the purpose of art from social consciousness to social consciousness. The paintings and pieces of art contained meanings and messages to the society and that the meanings were to be expressed and not directly spoken or explained. The artists had to bring formal innovation and elements into their pieces of art. The use of series of colours was embraced as seen in the case of Malevich and this led to expansion field of painting by use of space line and colour. With this kind of work, abstract expressionist replaced the cult and figurative expression into universal truth as the artists expressed their personality. With the past era discriminating the women into artistic work, the abstract expressionism era embraced women and encouraged them into the artistic field. Greenberg considers Immanuel Kant as the first modernist according to his critique article (Greenberg). Kant was able to criticize different characteristics of artist through

Carbon dating the shroud of turin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carbon dating the shroud of turin - Essay Example During the fourteenth century, the people in the little town of Lirey would not have been able to prove or disprove the image on the Shroud of Turin. What they h ad to rely upon was – again – faith, and faith was going around like the plague. Catholics in the fourteenth century were experiencing a form of hyper-religiosity, and the notion of associating â€Å"geography with ethnography was taking hold and manifesting itself through the singling out of non-Catholics, and was soon followed by expelling Jews from their homelands because of their non-Christian beliefs.† Blind faith, encouraged and fueled by Church priests, monks, and others who held positions in the upper echelons of the social ladder, led to cases of â€Å"ethnic cleansing, and, eventfully the expulsion of thousands of Jews from their homelands†. The time was ripe for exploitation of Christian fanaticism and for the Catholic Church to enlarge its sphere of influence. Relics, of course, served as a way by which to link certain areas, especially those remote areas, with Church-mindedness, causing villagers to form close and tight-knit bonds with the Church.

Battle of vicksburg :: essays research papers

By 1863, the Confederate hold on the Mississippi River was limited to Vicksburg and Port Hudson– both strong bastions– difficult to overcome. In a daring move, U.S. Grant, commanding the Union forces, sent his troops past Vicksburg and landed to the south of the city. Grant's troops then defeated Confederate forces in five separate engagements. After a 6 week seige, Confederate forces surrendered. To the Confederates Vicksburg was there "Gibraltar of the West", it together with Port Hudson were the only two points that the South held on the Mississippi. Grant had tried a number of round-about approaches to Vicksburg including the building of a by pass canal, as well various routes through the bayous. Finally, Grant decided on the direct approach. He sent his army south of Vicksburg on the opposite side of the river. Then he sent his gunboats and a number of transports south passed the guns of Vickburg to ferry the troops across the mile wide Mississippi. On April 16th three transports and eight gunboats traversed the guns of Vicksburg. Despite the fact that defenders of Vicksburg fired 525 rounds at them, they succeeded in making it past the guns with the lose of only one transport. A few days later additional boats followed. To confuse the confederate defenders commanded by General Pemberston, Grant sent Union cavalry men under the command of Benjamin Grierson to raid the Confederate interior. His raid was highly successful. He successfully crossed the state of Mississippi, destroying railroads and other materials, while avoiding his pursuers. The great success of the raid was however, in forcing Pemberston to detach troops to follow him. Grant also detached a division of Sherman troops to feint an attack North of the city. This causes Pemberston to send troops guarding the Southern approaches to the North. Thus when Grant crossed with all of his forces he was not opposed. Once across instead of attacking Vicksburg, Grant moved eastward towards Jackson the state capital. There, Confederate General Johnson was putting together a forces to oppose Grant. Grant's forces quickly overwhelmed the confederates in Jackson. In four additional battles Grants forces totally decimated Confederate forces. After defeating all of the field armies that he faced, Grant then attacked Vicksburg itself on May 19th.

Black Boy

Midterm Paper The Many Hungers in Black Boy We often find ourselves thinking â€Å"Man I am so hungry! † after going without eating for Just a few hours. If you really think about it we only go without eating for small periods of time. Have we ever really experienced hunger? Real hunger for that matter, hunger like Richard faces in Black Boy. The kind of hunger he experiences are not evident in a society in which we live. Hunger for us is skipping a meal or not finding anything that will please our appetite. This is not even comparable to the days that Richard endures without eating any food.There is not only physical hunger present in the novel Black Boy, Richard suffers from educational and emotional hunger. Richard longs for conversation and love from others and books to read or some sort of education. Most people often take these for granted but it is the only thing that Richard desires. The hunger in the novel Black Boy by Richard Wright serves as a magnet that pulls us t hrough the story of Richard's emotional, physical, and intellectual hunger. Richard is faced at a very early age and for most of his life with experiences of hysical hunger, starvation. Hunger stole upon me slowly that at first I was not aware of what hunger really meant. Hunger had always been more or less at my elbow when I played, but now I began to wake up at night to find hunger standing at my bedside, staring at me gauntly† (16). Richard seemed to starve quite often but after his father left he seemed to have constant starvation. Starvation seems to happen a good deal throughout Richard's life. The type of hunger Richard describes seems to be very painful, a kind of pain that one can't even imagine. Once again I new hunger, biting hunger, hunger that made my body aimlessly restless, hunger that kept me on edge, that made my temper flare, that made my temper flare, hunger that made hate leap out of my heart like the dart of a serpent's tongue, hunger that created in me od d cravings† (119). Since hunger is always present in Richard's lifestyle it seems as if he cannot imagine eating a simple meal every day. To us a simple meal may not seem like such a big deal, but to Richard, and many who suffered like Richard during this time, a simple meal is a miracle.The weakening and ainful piercing hungers are evidence that where the poverty happened in the Jim Crow South. Richard does not only suffer from physical hunger, he also suffers through emotional hunger throughout the text. He desires attention from people, attention from his family. Richard does not receive much attention at home so that impacts his relationship with others. He does not know how to associate with others. This causes a problem for Richard, when he finally leaves home he does not know how to associate with others. He cannot understand the friendly gestures of those around him.Nevertheless, I was so starved for association with people that I allowed myself to be seduced by it all , and for a few months I lived the life of an optimist† (178). Richard grew up in a very hostile nome environment which made him not only yearn for food but for love and affection. Another issue that helped contribute to Richard's emotional hunger is the issue of blacks and whites. Richard does not seem to understand the relationship between the two groups of people. â€Å"l wanted to understand these two sets of people who lived side by side and never touched, it seemed, except in violence† (54).Richard viewed the treatment toward him and the others as wrong, but he dare not go against it. He seemed to have accepted the segregation, but he never let the white people go far in how they treated him. Richard wanted to be able to speak his mind, but he was always told to hush up and he did not want to be treated poorly by the whites. The idea of this was hard for Richard to overcome so he ended up moving to the North. The emotional hunger that Richard faces often led him t o loneliness or grief. The biggest hunger the Richard had to suffer through would be his hunger for ducation.Richard longed for an education. He is a bright boy yet there is no encouragement for him to succeed and learn. There was no encouragement to learn because Negro children of the south did not grow up to be successful. Many of the blacks during that time seemed to settle, settle for ignorance and illiteracy. Richard however, decided to take advantage of the little opportunities that presented themselves. He longed for an education even more after meeting Ella, the school teacher. He stated â€Å"†¦ as much afraid of her as he was attracted to her† (38).The attraction allows him to overcome his fear and ask her about her books, which further awakens the hunger of knowledge. Richard tried to learn and read. â€Å"l hungered for the sharp, frightening, breathtaking, almost painful excitement that the story had given me, and I vowed that as soon as I was old enough I would buy all the novels there were and read them to feed that thirst for violence that was in me, for intrigue, for plotting, for secrecy, for bloody murders† (46). Richard loves to read and write. He is very curious and wants to learn as much as he can.He learns a lot through his experiences rather than a school setting. He gets very excited when he learns new things. â€Å"†¦ l had learned to count to a hundred and I was overjoyed†¦. I would read the newspapers with my mother guiding me and spelling out the words. I soon became a nuisance by asking far too many questions of everybody† (26). The quest for Richard's learning never seemed to be conquered. Richard suffered through many hungers that we may never experience, we are privileged. His emotional, physical, and educational hunger seem to impact him ignificantly.Even with all odds stacked against him, Richard prevails and succeeds against all odds. As an adult living in the North, he conquered the obsta cles and is stronger than most living around him. Richard survives through these hungers with his great endurance. â€Å"Whenever my environment had failed to support or nourish me, I had clutched at books†¦ † It seemed as if Richard would use his hungers against each other in turn making him a stronger person. Richard endures a lot in the text, much that people in our society today could not survive.

Down Syndrome Concerns Essay - 915 Words

Down syndrome Concerns It has been stated time and time again that Ms. Gens is a woman of 40. Research has been performed that shows that older mothers are more likely to have reproductive cells that have an extra copy of the chromosome 21 (Grinshpun†Cohen, Miron†Shatz, Ries†Levavi, Pras, 2015). Because of this factor, it is very well that Ms. Gens contributed to the Down syndrome. She could have been tested prior to the birth of the baby so that she could have been made aware. Since medical guidelines have changed in the last decade, the testing for Down syndrome is now available to all expectant mothers. This means that Ms. Gens should have been advised of this upon initially deciding to get pregnant. If she were to have known that†¦show more content†¦Adequate Testing Prior to the birth of the child, an amniocentesis can be performed to determine certain aspects of the baby’s health. A sample of the amniotic fluid is gathered from around the baby . This test is commonly performed so that it can be discovered if the child has any type of disorder or abnormality. It is commonly used to see if the baby will be born with Down syndrome. This way the parents are prepared once the baby is born. A fine needle is inserted to extract the fluid with the use of an ultrasound. The amniocentesis is able to detect several hundred genetic diseases and chromosomal disorders. It can also determine any neural tube defects that may be present. It is not able to specify the severity of any of the illnesses that may show as being present. Testing of this nature can increase the threat of miscarriage. This does not mean that it will occur, but rather than it can occur. Ms. Gens should have been educated on this testing since she is at the age range where disorders are more prevalent in births. She could have been told what it entails and to determine if she would like to proceed. If she decided against the testing, then she is assuming the risk wh ich means that she is prepared for what is going to transpire after the baby is born. While an amniocentesis is able to determine paternity, it is not yet able to determine race. However, that shouldShow MoreRelatedOverview of the National Association for Down Syndrome1275 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿National Association for Down Syndrome The National Association for Down Syndrome is governed much like a traditional corporation, with a board of directors and staff members, although it is a nonprofit. NADS is the oldest organization in the country serving individuals with Down syndrome and their families.  It was founded in Chicago in 1961 by parents who chose to go against medical advice and raised their children with Down syndrome at home (About NADS, 2012, NADS). From its inception, NADSRead MoreLife Is A Precious Thing Essay1165 Words   |  5 Pagesthere are perceived risks to the baby, bringing that life into the world brings more questions than answers. It no longer is a debate between the rights of the women and the rights of the fetus but brings deeper ethical issues into question. This essay will take a look at one such situation, how some core Christian worldview beliefs are relevant to the case, and how a Christian would resolve this issue; as well as look at both consequences and benefits of the re solution, and an alternative. EthicalRead MoreEssay on Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities1518 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents have intellectual disabilities and 40 percent of the students are with multiple disabilities. In the 2007 through 2008 school year 56 percent autism students graduated with a regular high school diploma (Lewis, 2011). Therefore, in this essay the definition, characteristics, and causes of intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury, autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness will be discussed. The first definition, characteristic and cause discussed are intellectual disabilityRead MorePregnancy: Is It for All Ages? Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pagesown personal reasons, such as careers and money. According to the Journal of Clinical Nursing by Loke Poon (2010)- both professionals in the medical field- state â€Å"[t]he growing proportion of first births to advanced age women is a public health concern,† and â€Å"†¦there are controversial views as whether advanced age pregnancy renders women more prone to pregnancy complications and adverse outcomes† (p. 1142). This statement provides credibility behind the fact that there are many risks developed duringRead MoreLala Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Haddon’s portrayal of the relationship between Christopher and his world move us to a deeper understanding of acceptance? In your response make a detailed reference to your prescribed text. Break down Portrayal - how it is shown Relationship between Christopher and his world - how Christopher interacts with him world; his perceptions of people and the world and how we as the reader realise the world perceives him Acceptance - acceptance of Christopher and in a broaderRead MoreThe Go Pro Is Like Brownie And The Polaroid963 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I think about my brain, I compare it to a television set, a computer, or a camera. It can replay, slow down, show me things, and even retain information whenever it wants to. It s available to me if I need to input information like an computer I can. I can reminisce or daydream at any given time day or night just as if I was a camera, taking pictures. Our brain can capture and freeze and hold that thought or memory forever. Just like a computer or a camera. For instance, Nick Paumgarten aRead MoreEssay on Fetal Alcohol Syndrome1390 Words   |  6 Pagescan lead to many severe abnormalities in the growing fetus. More specifically, a disorder that will be explored in this essay is Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS); caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Since the alcohol is consumed in such a developing stage of the fetus, it can potentially cause many different complications in the unborn child. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome could easily be prevented with more awareness to the issue and its defining characteristics, how it affects the fetus duringRead MoreMean World1027 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Mean World Syndrome† Everyone is influenced and shaped by society. Society affects our perceptions, our consciousness, and our actions. A majority of the influence, especially on the younger demographic comes through the media; specifically through television. It is important to examine how violence in the media develops a pervasive cultural environment that cultivates a heightened state of insecurity, exaggerated perceptions of risk and danger, and a fear-driven propensity for hard-line politicalRead MoreCritical Incident In Social Work1618 Words   |  7 Pageshigh standards of value. This essay will highlight an incidence in a supported accommodation setting where issues of diversity, ethics, and values were clearly observed. The incident will be critically analysed using a critical incident analysis pro – forma and incorporate it with the PCS model perspective. Furthermore, The PCF, HCPC and BASW codes of ethics will also be looked at in relation to social work practices and aspects of divers ity, ethics and value. The essay will also give strategies thatRead MoreChildren And Young People With Disabilities874 Words   |  4 Pagesin their individual learning and care needs. Inclusion is not optional, children have defined entitlements in this area and settings have legal responsibilities (Department for Children Schools and Families 2008:p2) Both settings included in this essay have current policies and procedures that are in line the Equality Act (2010) this states, no discrimination against children and young people because of their sex, race, disability, religion, belief or sexual orientation(see appendix 11for setting

Short Personal Essay Thesis Sentence

The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.- Aristotle Why do famous quotes become famous? What is special about them? If you think about it, famous quotes are succinct statements that make a bold claim. A thesis statement should do the same thing. It should state a big idea in just a few words. Example #1 Consider this quote: He who opens a school door, closes a prison. - Victor Hugo This statement manages to encapsulate an enormous argument in one terse comment, and that is your goal when writing a thesis statement. If Victor Hugo had wanted to use simpler words, he could have said: Education is important for personal growth and awareness.Social awareness develops from education.Education can reform. Notice that each of these statements, like the quote, makes a claim that can be backed up with evidence? Example #2 Heres another quote:Â  Success consists of going from failure to failure without loss of enthusiasm. - Winston Churchill Once again, the statement sets up an argument in interesting but terse language. Churchill might have said: Everybody fails, but successful people fail many times.You can learn from failure if you dont give up. A Word of Advice When creating a thesis, you dont have to use colorful words like the ones that appear in famous quotes. But you should try to sum up a big idea or make a big claim in one sentence. Activity Just for fun, look over the following quotes and come up with your own versions that could work as a thesis statement. By studying these quotes and practicing in this way, you can develop your own ability to sum up your thesis in a brief but engaging sentence. Bette Davis: Attempt the impossible in order to improve your work.Henry Ford: Before everything else, getting ready is the secret of success.Carl Sagan: In order to make an apple pie from scratch, you must first create the universe. The most successful students know that practice always pays. You can read more famous quotes to get the hang of creating concise, engaging statements.