Causes for development of aggression in children

Causes for development of aggression in children Aggression can be loosely defined as any behaviour which is intended to cause harm to another person whether physically or verbally. This investigation specifically evaluates the biological and learning perspective of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in children. Aggression from the biological perspective is often seen as an innate behaviour which is genetically passed on from the parents to their offspring or through other biological factors such as low levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin and certain brain structures when manipulated may result in aggressive behaviour. When considering the learning perspective and environmental determinants of aggression in children. The key factors which play an essential role in the development of aggression in children are the observation of others behaviour as demonstrated by Albert Bandura (1961) as well as, the frustration aggression hypothesis which has been found to be a considerable factor in the development of aggression. This examination investigates the origins of childhood aggression and evaluates two differing perspectives being the biological and learning perspective and collectively concludes that there are various factors which contribute to a child acting aggressively. Biological factors such as genetics, low levels of serotonin and the amygdale have proven to result in childhood aggression. Similarly, environmental determinants such as observation of others, media and video games have also been found to cause childhood aggression. However, an understanding and strong evaluation of both the biological and learning perspective has lead to a stronger foundation of understanding childhood aggression. Therefore, to fully understand the origins of aggressive behaviour both biological and environmental factors must be considered within their limited scope (i.e. Strengths and weaknesses). There are many ways in which aggression can be defined. According to Berkowitz (1975) aggression is any behaviour which causes intentional harm to another person. There are many different forms of aggression which includes verbal, physical and emotional behaviours that are apparent in some children. Studies conducted on young children suggest that aggression develops in young children based on their biological background or their environmental context. This essay will be exploring and evaluating the biological perspective and learning perspective of psychology accounting for the development of aggression in young children. This issue is worthy of investigation since aggression has become a substantial social problem amongst upcoming generations. It has always appealed to me to understand the basis of aggressive behaviour as I have seen this behaviour amongst most children, teenagers as well as adults. It is my curiosity and eagerness to discover more about the development of aggression from two opposing views being the biological and learning which has motivated me to undertake th is research topic for my extended essay. To begin with, the biological perspective is based on the assumption that behaviour is biologically determined. All psychological issues stem from a physiological background. Therefore, aggression in children based on the biological perspective is considered to be an innate behaviour. Biological factors which trigger aggressive behaviour in children are inheritance, as well as the neurotransmitter serotonin and certain structures in the brain which trigger aggressive behaviour. Many theories and case studies have been put forward to support the hypothesis that aggression in children is biologically determined which will be discussed in further detail. (Weiten, W. 2007).

Modern Art History Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Modern Art History - Assignment Example The paper "Modern Art History" will explore movements of modern art. The study analyzes cubists, suprematists etc. Some of the characteristics of cubism include openness which involves creating 3 dimensional objects into a 2 dimensional surface. A cubist therefore has to show more than one view at a time. The paintings are not based on precise art but use angles and shapes especially circles and rectangles. Cubism is broken into two spheres which include analytical and synthetic cubism. Analytical cubism involves breaking ofnatural forms and transforming them into little cubes or geometrical form. Synthetic cubism involves creating objects and focussing on the object together. Use of mixed medium is also one characteristic used by cubist as it mixes different mediums to create a composition of one surface. The artists use little cubes to depict a person or object from different views. According to Kazimir Malevich Suprematism is represented by the black icon which is found in almost all his drawings. The square presents suprematism symbol and the circle is a shape originating from the black box. The black box is an icon of suprematism according to Malevich. The black box is also referred to as a symbol creating the 3D dimension. Malevich emphasizes that the black box should not be viewed as monochrome but should be viewed as an infinite symbol of space creating openness into space. The paintings by Malevich and his disciples depicts constellations of algebra and has opened a greatfield of study. in arithmetic and mathematics. Question 3 part1 According to Clement Greenberg (Jeanne), abstract expressionism includes art that depict collective consciousness and is greater than any one nation. The abstract expressionist had difficult time putting their art into view as the world was under war. The artist had the role to turn their spirituality and express it into fine art. The artists had to ask themselves several questions including what and why they should paint a piece of art before starting any artistic piece of art. The abstract artists had to undergo a reformation from the ancient type of art such as modernism and break through to modern type of art. Artistic work from artists such as Marko Rothko shunned the dream of content surrealism hence shifting illustrative art into abstract art. This concept was picked and used by artist such as Rosenberg who depicts existentialism in his painting of ‘American action painters of 1952’. Greenberg further expresses that abstract expressionism redefined the purpose of art from social consciousness to social consciousness. The paintings and pieces of art contained meanings and messages to the society and that the meanings were to be expressed and not directly spoken or explained. The artists had to bring formal innovation and elements into their pieces of art. The use of series of colours was embraced as seen in the case of Malevich and this led to expansion field of painting by use of space line and colour. With this kind of work, abstract expressionist replaced the cult and figurative expression into universal truth as the artists expressed their personality. With the past era discriminating the women into artistic work, the abstract expressionism era embraced women and encouraged them into the artistic field. Greenberg considers Immanuel Kant as the first modernist according to his critique article (Greenberg). Kant was able to criticize different characteristics of artist through

Carbon dating the shroud of turin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carbon dating the shroud of turin - Essay Example During the fourteenth century, the people in the little town of Lirey would not have been able to prove or disprove the image on the Shroud of Turin. What they h ad to rely upon was – again – faith, and faith was going around like the plague. Catholics in the fourteenth century were experiencing a form of hyper-religiosity, and the notion of associating â€Å"geography with ethnography was taking hold and manifesting itself through the singling out of non-Catholics, and was soon followed by expelling Jews from their homelands because of their non-Christian beliefs.† Blind faith, encouraged and fueled by Church priests, monks, and others who held positions in the upper echelons of the social ladder, led to cases of â€Å"ethnic cleansing, and, eventfully the expulsion of thousands of Jews from their homelands†. The time was ripe for exploitation of Christian fanaticism and for the Catholic Church to enlarge its sphere of influence. Relics, of course, served as a way by which to link certain areas, especially those remote areas, with Church-mindedness, causing villagers to form close and tight-knit bonds with the Church.