Boots Functional Areas Essay Example

Boots: Functional Areas Essay Boots plc has lots of different departments. These departments include a place to manage accounts, a place to order the raw materials and a place to manufacture the products. Other departments in the business could be marketing, research and development and Admin and ICT. If the business were a sole trader, the person who owns the business would have to complete everything in all of the departments. If one person had to do all of the jobs then it would be a problem because it would be hard work and the business owner would have no time to do other things such as enjoying the profit that he makes from his business. In very large businesses like Boots, specialists are employed to concentrate on different areas. A specialist is a person who is trained to one particular area. Having specialists help make the business to work better because it provides better customer services. Each specialist belongs to a specific department. In business studies, we call these departments functions. Marketing We will write a custom essay sample on Boots: Functional Areas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Boots: Functional Areas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Boots: Functional Areas specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In summary, the role of the Marketing Department is to make sure that the business sells the right type of products that a wide range of people will buy. If a company is maorket-orientated then it is looking at who is going to buy your product, for instance age, gender or social class. Boots Plc is a market-orientated company; this is because the business is aimed at certain types of customers and their product is developed around what type of customers Boots gain. The segments that Boots target are age, gender, culture, income and lifestyle. Segmenting the market makes it easier to identify groups of people with the same consumer needs and wants. Boots. You can divide the population as a whole into many different groups of people or segments that have something in common. Segmenting the market makes it easier to identify groups of people with the same consumer needs and wants. Boots therefore look for categories they can use to divide up the population. The five categories Boots use are age, gender, culture, income and lifestyle. Boots carry out market research because this helps them to find out what their customers want and this helps them gain a wider knowledge about their customers needs. The primary research that Boots carry out is questionnaires, observation surveys and interviews. Boots carry out secondary research by looking at data that is already existing. Field research is researching outside the office and researching on primary data and desk research is researching inside the office and researching on secondary research. Some of Boots promotional and marketing material which can be found on the website www.wellbeing.com are offers such as buy one get one free, three for the price of two and extra advantage points available on certain products. I have included some screen shots from the website which advertise extra points, 3 for 2 and buy one get one free. Firstly, these advertisements are targeted at people who have access to the Internet. The advertisements that advertise extra points are for advantage cardholders. The advertisements that advertise three for two offers are targeted at people who want to save money on their purchases or people who want to buy the product advertised, in this case the two products are Boots own brand of facial care and Trevor Sorbie gel. They are also targeted at people who may want to buy three products. The buy one get one free products are targeted at people who like to save money or want two products. They are also targeted at people who are interested in the products available, in this case Boots mouthwash and Schwarzkopf Pro Styling mousse. Boots Marketing Department can benefit from the Office of National Statistics (ONS) because they can use the information from the research from the ONS to backup their own research. One thing that they can use is how much women and men earn a year to set their prices for men and womens products. Boots may encourage marketing staff to sell more products by offering an annual bonus if targets are met. They may also offer pay rises or promotions for things if the staff sells a lot of products. Finance The role of the Finance Department in Boots is to record accounts i.e. balance sheets, profit and loss accounts and the directors report. They need to set up budgets also. When the business was first set up, the finance department was involved because Boots had to borrow money to set up the business. The sources of finance available to a business are a loan, overdraft, and sponsorship from companies such as Charles Worthington, which they did and selling shares to people who want to buy them. Boots might raise money to finance expansion plans by either selling more shares, opening a loan, getting extra sponsorship from other companies or getting more sponsorship from those who already sponsor them, they could put out a new marketing campaign. Boots is a public limited company, which basically means that they are owned by their shareholders and companies that sponsor them. They have to declare their profits and accounts to the public because the public needs to know how good Boots is doing and if they are hitting their targets. Also, if people are looking to buy into the company, they need to know if the company is worth buying into etc. Also it is a legal requirement to display their accounts and profits set by the government. Displaying their accounts could be a disadvantage because other people in the industry will be looking at the accounts and judging them such as their competitors who may try to mimic what Boots are doing in the financial department. A cashflow statement looks at the inflow and outflow of the cash in business and highlights any problems that might exist or could possibly arise in the future. A cashflow is a more regular occurrence than profit and loss and the balance sheet. This is Boots Profit and Loss Account which can be found from their website www.bootsplc.com This is Boots balance sheet that can also be found on their website www.boots-plc.com Boots Plc have to employ an Auditor to check their accounts because he is professionally qualified to make sure that their accounts are all in order, that they are hitting their targets, they have got more money coming in than is going out and that the accounts are generally in a good state. Boots launched two new TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Simulation) Pain Relief machines in September 1998. The marketing support for these new products included a range of elements from the marketing mix including advertising, PR, and in-store activity. The products were advertised with an advertising campaign in womens monthly and weekly magazines. The products were introduced to journalists at a launch event and editorial coverage was gained form this launch. The products also featured as an in-store display as part of the promotional calendar and were explained to customers in a free informational leaflet. The marketing campaign was successful in launching TENS, with market research showing that one in five of the population of the UK is aware of the new product. A second example of a marketing campaign is the relaunch of the companys No.7 Brand of cosmetics. This was the latest in a series of relaunches for a product that was first launched in 1935. In the early 1990s the No.7 brand was a mid-market product, but this market became static, whereas both the teenage budget and premium markets were expanding. The product was perceived to be good quality but drab and old-fashioned. In 1995 it was decided to relaunch the No.7 brand as a premium product. Recent developments had allowed a substantial range of claims to be made for the products such as not tested on animals and hypoallergenic. Two thirds of the colour range was new and every possible innovation incorporated. There was extensive customer testing against competitors in the new market to ensure that products in the range out-performed their rivals. Finally, the packaging was redesigned to give greater visual appeal, compare favourably in both appearance and usability with other premium products, and have a long-lasting image. Admin and Information Communication Technology In a summary, the role of the Administration and ICT Department in an organisation deals with all the time-consuming but essential tasks that have to be carried out to keep the business running smoothly. Traditionally, it would have been mostly involved in writing letters, answering telephone calls and dealing with other paperwork such as filling and record keeping. Although administration function covers a much wider area, owing to the fact that many of these tasks are now more easily carried out by computer applications. The Administration department provides the support to allow people to make the best use of ICT. Record keeping is likely to be kept in filing systems or inside a Computer on a database. Typing is likely to be forfilled by a keyboard into a computer rather than an old-fashioned typewriter, which they would have used before keyboards were invented. This department could help and organise meetings by finding a suitable venue, inviting participants, checking availability, organising any facilities that are needed and organising catering and parking facilities. It also involves keeping a record of the meeting and circulating this in the appropriate format to the meeting members. There are legal Health and Safety requirements that the Admin department must handle such as the comfort and safety of the workers, for example there is a minimum and maximum temperature at which people are expected to work The Admin department should monitor and check to make sure that conditions are being met. The Admin department is responsible for providing support for ICT programmes such as word-processing, payroll, accounts, databases, e-communications and other e-transactions. This will include technology-based communications systems such as fax machines and video-conferencing, through to the filing and recording systems used by the various departments.

Henry Light Horse Harry Lee in the American Revolution

Henry Light Horse Harry Lee in the American Revolution Born at Leesylvania near Dumfries, VA on January 29, 1756, Henry Lee III was the son of Henry Lee II and Lucy Grymes Lee. A member of a prominent Virginia family, Lees father was a second cousin of Richard Henry Lee who later served as President of the Continental Congress.   Receiving his early education in Virginia, Lee then moved north to attend the College of New Jersey (Princeton) where he pursued a degree in classical studies. Graduating in 1773, Lee returned to Virginia and commenced a career in law. This endeavor proved short-lived as Lee quickly took an interest in military matters following the Battles of Lexington and Concord and the start of the American Revolution in April 1775. Traveling to Williamsburg the following year, he sought a place in one of the new Virginia regiments being formed for service with the Continental Army.  Commissioned as a captain on June 18, 1775, Lee led the 5th Troop of Colonel Theodorick Blands light cavalry battalion.   After spending the fall equipping and training, the unit moved north and joined General George Washingtons army in January 1776. Marching with Washington Incorporated into the Continental Army in March, the unit was re-designated the 1st Continental Light Dragoons.   Shortly thereafter, Lee and his troop largely began to operate independently from Blands command and saw service in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania in conjunction with forces led by Major Generals Benjamin Lincoln and Lord Stirling. In this role, Lee and his men largely conducted reconnaissance, foraged for supplies, and attacked British outposts. Impressed with their performance, Washington effectively made the unit independent that fall and began issuing orders directly to Lee. With the beginning of the Philadelphia Campaign in the late summer of 1777, Lees men operated in southeastern Pennsylvania and were present, but not engaged, at the Battle of Brandywine in September. After the defeat, Lees men retreated with the rest of the army. The following month, the troop served as Washingtons bodyguard during the Battle of Germantown.   With the army in winter quarters at Valley Forge, Lees troop earned fame on January 20, 1778, when it thwarted an ambush led by Captain Banastre Tarleton near Spread Eagle Tavern. Growing Responsibility On April 7, Lees men were formally separated from the 1st Continental Light Dragoons and work commenced to expand the unit to three troops. At the same time, Lee was promoted to major at the request of Washington. Much of the rest of the year was spent training and organizing the new unit. To cloth his men, Lee chose a uniform featuring a short green jacket and white or doeskin pants. In an effort to ensure tactical flexibility, Lee had one of the troops dismounted to serve as infantry. On September 30, he took his unit into battle at Edgars Lane near Hastings-on-Hudson, NY. Winning a victory over a force of Hessians, Lee lost no men in the fighting.   On July 13, 1779, a company of infantry was added to Lees command to serve a fourth troop. Three days later, the unit served as a reserve during Brigadier General Anthony Waynes successful attack on Stony Point. Inspired by this operation, Lee was tasked with mounting a similar assault on Paulus Hook in August. Moving forward on the night of the 19th, his command attacked Major William Sutherlands position. Overrunning the British defenses, Lees men inflicted 50 casualties and captured over 150 prisoners in exchange for two killed and three wounded.   In recognition of this achievement, Lee received a gold medal from Congress. Continuing to strike at the enemy, Lee raided Sandy Hook, NJ in January 1780. Lees Legion In February, Lee received authorization from Congress to form a legionary corps consisting of three troops of cavalry and three of infantry. Accepting volunteers from across the army, this saw Lees Legion expand to around 300 men. Though ordered south to reinforce the garrison at Charleston, SC in March, Washington rescinded the order and the legion remained in New Jersey into the summer.   On June 23, Lee and his men stood with Major General Nathanael Greene during the Battle of Springfield. This saw British and Hessian forces led by Baron von Knyphausen advance in northern New Jersey in an attempt to defeat the Americans. Assigned to defend the  Vauxhall Road bridges with the assistance of Colonel Mathias Ogdens 1st New Jersey, Lees men soon were under heavy pressure. Though fighting tenaciously, the legion was nearly driven from the field until being reinforced by Brigadier General John Stark. That November, Lee received orders to march south to aid American forces in the Carolinas which had been severely reduced due to the loss of Charleston and the defeat at Camden. Southern Theater Promoted to lieutenant colonel and having earned the nickname Light Horse Harry for his exploits, Lee joined Greene, who had assumed command in the South, in January 1781. Re-designated the 2nd Partisan Corps, Lees unit joined with Brigadier General Francis Marions men for an attack on Georgetown, SC later that month. In February, the legion won an engagement at Haw River (Pyles Massacre) as well as helped screen Greenes retreat north to the Dan River and evade pursuing British forces under Lieutenant General Lord Charles Cornwallis. Reinforced, Greene returned south and met Cornwallis at the Battle of Guilford Court House on March 15. Fighting commenced when Lees men engaged British dragoons led by Tarleton a few miles from Greenes position. Engaging the British, he was able to hold until the 23rd Regiment of Foot arrived to support Tarleton. Rejoining the army after a sharp fight, Lees Legion assumed a position on the American left and harried the British right flank for the remainder of the battle. In addition to operating with Greenes army, Lees troops worked with other light forces led by individuals such as Marion and Brigadier General Andrew Pickens. Raiding through South Carolina and Georgia, these troops captured several British outposts including Fort Watson, Fort Motte, and Fort Grierson as well as attacked Loyalists in the region.   Rejoining Greene in June after a successful attack on Augusta, GA, Lees men were present for the final days of the failed siege of Ninety-Six. On September 8, the legion supported Greene during the Battle of Eutaw Springs. Riding north, Lee was present for Cornwallis surrender at the Battle of Yorktown the following month.      Ã‚   Later Life In February 1782, Lee left the army claiming fatigue but influenced by a lack of support for his men and a perceived lack of respect for his accomplishments. Returning to Virginia, married his second cousin, Matilda Ludwell Lee, in April. The couple had three children prior to her death in 1790.   Elected to the Congress of the Confederation in 1786, Lee served for two years before advocating for the ratification of the US Constitution. After serving in the Virginia legislature from 1789 to 1791, he was elected Governor of Virginia.   On June 18, 1793, Lee married Anne Hill Carter. Together they had six children including future Confederate commander Robert E. Lee. With the beginning of the Whiskey Rebellion in 1794, Lee accompanied President Washington west to deal with the situation and was placed in command of military operations. In the wake of this incident, Lee was made a major general in the US Army in 1798 and elected to Congress a year later. Serving one term, he famously eulogized Washington at the presidents funeral on December 26, 1799. The next several years proved difficult for Lee as land speculation and business difficulties eroded his fortune. Forced to serve a year in debtors prison, he wrote his memoirs of the war.   On July 27, 1812, Lee was severely injured when he attempted to defend a newspaper friend, Alexander C. Hanson, from a mob in Baltimore. Set upon because of Hansons opposition to the War of 1812, Lee sustained multiple internal injuries and wounds.    Plagued by issues relating to the attack, Lee spent his final years traveling in warmer climates in an attempt to relieve his suffering. After spending time in the West Indies, he died at Dungeness, GA on March 25, 1818. Buried with full military honors, Lees remains were later relocated to the Lee Family Chapel at Washington Lee University (Lexington, VA) in 1913.

The Social Environment and Health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Social Environment and Health - Assignment Example On the other hand aging and obesity are biological factors. As Hillier and Barrow (2014) state, hypertension exists in about 31% of individuals above the age of 65 and only in 22% of those between 45 and 64 years. Chen, Lo, Chang, and Kuo (2014) note that obesity indices are substantially associated with the risk of hypertension across age and gender. Approaches geared towards enhancing health when biological and social factors are considered differ. If considering the physical fitness, it is easier to undertake physical exercises that will lead to improved health. In the case of dieting, it requires the intervention of a nutritionist who advises on what foods to and not to take. Also, the results of dieting may not be physically observable as those of physical exercise. For example, reducing dietary sodium salt intake to the recommended standard of around a 1,500 mg a day (Cavanaugh & Blanchard-Fields, 2014), it is not physically expressed. Chen, S. C., Lo, T. C., Chang, J. H., & Kuo, H. W. (2014). Variations in Aging, Gender, Menopause, and Obesity and Their Effects on Hypertension in Taiwan. International Journal of Hypertension, 2014,

Philosophy Or Beliefs About Grammar Teaching Article

Philosophy Or Beliefs About Grammar Teaching - Article Example This report explores an in service English teacher teaching of grammar in a second language classroom at Forsyth Technical Community College in Winston Salem North Carolina. The main objective is to focus on the perspective of personal pedagogical system, beliefs, knowledge, theories, assumptions, and attitudes that plays a significant role in shaping a teachers’ way of teaching. It throws light on the teachers' actual practices in an adult high intermediate ESL classroom. Forsyth Technical Community College is a preparatory type of institution that prepares ESL students to easily engage in the community, and bring their language skills to the required standard usage of English within the community. Enrollment into Forsyth Technical Community College is non-selective with incoming students being enrolled into different levels ranging from beginner to high intermediate. Enrolment using an in-house placement test is a priority, implying that students advance to upper levels when they improve their English language skills at that specific level. The institution set speciï ¬ c learning objectives for each level which were assessed by in-house tests and which teachers were required to teach towards. One set of objectives related speciï ¬ cally to the teaching of grammar. The institution has two fully equipped writing labs and a small corner library at the main hall. The labs are equipped with fifteen computers with numerous software programs installed and the internet is accessible on each computer for the student use. Regular classrooms are arranged to accommodate 15-20 students and this ensures improved interaction between the teachers and students. The classrooms are carpeted and contain whiteboards, overhead projectors and a chair used by the teacher and students during presentations. All teachers working in the institution, including the participant of this report, teach full-time (20-25 hours per week). Students are mostly have Spanish as their first language. During the study, some students had recently arrived in the United States while others had been around for a period of time and they aged 25-35. The teaching context is a monolingual setting where all teachers are native speakers of English. The preparatory school does not have its own sy llabus and in-house textbooks and the teachers are encouraged to select textbooks and adapt to a syllabus that suits their students or teaching contexts to ensure the success of the teaching process. This is because a curriculum is often perceived by teachers as being fairly rigid. The participant teacher background Data on this report was collected through five non-participatory classroom observations. I refrain from naming the participant and restrict the following information to only assist readers in making sense of the specific features of the context to protect his anonymity. Prior to conducting this report I made a pre-observation interview with the instructor to see if he would be willing before formally requesting his participation as I felt that would provide an improved overall picture in order to determine the kinds of teaching beliefs he was mostly interested in and to what extent he put those beliefs into practice in L2 teaching. The Participant of this report was a 36 -year-old native English speaker with an overall experience of ESL of 7 to 10 years. He taught ESL classes at various levels from beginner to upper intermediate. He started his career at the elementary level for two years and then started teaching at the ESL adult-level for the last six years in programs which service adult refugee and continuing education populations. He had other teaching experiences prior to his present ESL positions. He held an ESL teaching certificate, as well as a bachelor’s degree in elementary education. Philosophy or beliefs about grammar teaching The perceptions the

Logistics and Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Logistics and Operations Management - Essay Example There are various elements present in the supply chain activities of fast food industries that include food ingredients and/or raw materials, transport, storage, food production, safety and hazard analysis. It has been apparently observed that the processed foods are provided in the worldwide business market segments with inappropriate ingredients and served in an unethical manner. In the supply chain operations of fast food industries, there exist sorts of various potential risks including harmful chemicals and inappropriate animals feed products. Moreover, there also lay certain hazards associated with the production of food products such as food poisoning, viral infections, mould growth, harmful fertilizers and cleaning fluids among others. Consequently, the identified risks or hazards in relation to processed fast foods are the major ethical concern for consumers in worldwide business market segments (Institute of Food Science & Technology, 2013; Mercola, 2013). Discussion Proces sed foods are regarded as commercially prepared foods that are made for the convenience and the ease of consumers in the form of ready-to-eat and frozen ones. In this regard, a hamburger is a processed food ready-to-eat meal which is consumed by a majority of people worldwide. It can be viewed that hamburgers majorly comprise processed meats. A hamburger is a common type of sandwich which includes ground meat such as beef, chicken and pork among others. Hamburgers are served with tomato, lettuce, bacon, cheese, pickles, onions and condiments comprising ketchup, mustard and mayonnaise (Grand Erie District School Board, 2009). Ingredients of Hamburger The different ingredients of hamburger ultimately make the fast food ready-to-eat for the consumers which they purchase from retail stores and high street shops. The various ingredients of a Hamburger generally include condiments, ground meat, hamburger bun, salt, pepper, soybean oil, sesame seeds and cheese. These ingredients have been discussed hereunder. Condiments The condiments comprise vegetables including tomatoes, pickles, onions, ketchup and relish. It can be viewed that different chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides are used in growing these vegetables. On harvesting these vegetables, they are shipped to warehouses wherein they are stored and processed. These vegetables are further processed into secondary products and are shipped to different processing companies. In these companies, the above vegetables are processed into ketchup, pickles and relish with the aid of mechanical equipments (Grand Erie District School Board, 2009). Ground Meat In the present scenario, different chemicals are used with the objective of ascertaining that they are raised in a quick manner with adequate amount of meat. The cattle are shipped for processing in different companies. In these companies, the cattle are slaughtered and chopped into large chunks of meat which is recognised as primal cuts. The chopp ed meats are refrigerated and are transported to ‘food service warehouse’. In the warehouse, the meats are grounded and are developed into patties. These patties of meat are boxed and packaged for further use (Grand

Ginger and Turmeric: History and use

Ginger and Turmeric: History and use Ginger and Turmeric Introduction Ginger Ginger and turmeric are categorize in the same family, Zingiberaceae, along with cardamom (White 2007)(Leal 2003). The most frequently used herbal supplement is Zingiber officinale, which is the scientific name for ginger (White 2007). The scientific name of ginger, Zingiber officinale , was created by Linaeus a Swedish botanist from the 18th century. Linaeus named ginger after Singabera, or shaped like a horn, which is an Indian Sanskrit (Hoffman, 2007).Ginger is known for its overpowering smell and taste and also for its medical use to reduce nausea (White 2007). The well-known aroma of ginger is from the ketones, one of these ketones is gingerol (White 2007). The strong taste that ginger possesses is from phenylproanoids, non pungent fats and waxes (Hoffman 2007).Gingers taste is known when its hydrocarbon tails unite with its receptors (Hoffman 2007). Ginerols and zingerone are the non-volatile phenylpropanoids that contribute to gingers taste (Hoffman 2007).The dehydrated form o f these molecules are gingerols and shogals which has a lot stronger taste (Hoffman 2007). The rhizome, which is a steam, is normally consumed but is referred to as the â€Å"ginger root† (White 2007). Ginger can be consumed in many forms of which are as juice, dry power, syrup or even in pill form for easy digestion (Hoffman 2007). Fresh ginger does not contain zingerone but once cooked the zesty sweet flavor of zingerone appears from ginerol converting into zingerone (Hoffman 2007). Turmeric Curcuma longa, or turmeric, is known for being an Indian spice (Jurenka 2009). Turmeric is located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, China, the Caribbean Island and South America (Leal et al., 2003). Turmeric is known for the particular reign of Asia and the Middle Eastern countries (Tayyem et al., 2006). In India, the average consumption of turmeric is around 2 to 2.5 grams, this means that the consumption of curcumin is anywhere from 60 to100 mg a day (Chainani-Wu 2003). Turmeric is used in foods for its yellow color and flavor (Leal et al., 2003).Turmeric has been used in laxatives and as a pesticide (Negi etal., 1999).In 1910, Lampe and Milobedzka, discovered what made the famous yellow color in turmeric, which is curcumin (Jurenka 2009). Medically turmeric is known for its anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory activities (Leal et al., 2003). When curcumin is taken by mouth it has a low bioavailability (Tayyem et al., 2006). Turmeric has many effects on the DNA by inhibiting the destruction, lowering the mutations and helping repair DNA (Krishnaswamy 2007). It was also shown that the level of detoxifying enzymes increase with the amount of turmeric (Krishnaswamy 2007). Turmeric is indigenous to the topical region of South and Southeast Asia (Krishnaswamy 2007). The way that turmeric is used in food in India is that it is fried or it is boiled and at these elevated temperature this still did not affect turmerics ability to prevent mutants (Krishnaswamy 2007). Historical Usage Ginger Ginger has been historically used for colds, fevers, digestive problems and to increase the appetite (White 2007). Ginger has been referred to in the ancient passages in countries like China, Ancient Rome, India, Arabia and Greece (Olgoli et al., 2009). Ginger has been utilize in numerous of ways because of its aroma and also in culinary ways by adding it to jams, drinks, breads and sweets (Olgoli et al., 2009). Ginger has been used for diarrhea, gastritis, and nausea for thousands of years in Asian medicine (Olgoli et al., 2009). In China and Thai ginger has been used in controlling nausea and vomiting in pregnant women (Olgoli et al., 2009). For thousands of years, ginger has been used for medical purposes as wells as a culinary spice added to food for its color and flavor (Hoffman 2007). Ginger has been discussed in many ancient Indian, Arab, Chinese, Greek and Roman medical text on the medical used of it and was referred to as the universal medicine in India (Hoffman 2007). Ginge r has been used for problems related to the respiratory and digestive tracts as well as a tonic for the heart and a paste to help with headaches and aching joints due to arthritis (Hoffman 2007). The gastrointestinal tract has been benefited a great deal from ginger by inhibiting gastric ulcers, increasing digestion enzymes, and improving the secretion of bile (Chen et al, 2007). There is a wild ginger located in Hawaii that is used for cuts, bruises, sores, fungal skin infections, painful joints, sprains, headaches, stomachaches and toothaches (Hoffman 2007). Turmeric Turmeric was used as a treatment for diseases related to inflammation in Ayurvedic medicine (Jurenka 2009). Turmeric was used in historically in Indian medicine for rheumatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, for wound healing and even for removing worm from people and animals to cosmetics (Krishnaswamy 2007). Turmeric in paste form has been used on chicken pox, small pox, and measles (Krishnaswamy 2007). In India there is land that is set aside for the growth of spices and condiment; 60 percent of that land is used for the growth of turmeric (Krishnaswamy 2007). For religious ritual turmeric has been used as dyes for not only fabric but also used on the skin (Funk et al., 2006). Bioactive Ingredient Ginger Two bioactive ingredients of ginger are shogaols and gingerols which act like antioxidants (Leal et al., 2003). There are additional compounds in ginger extract that stop the growing of microorganisms and effect the growth of specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium (Leal et al., 2003). Another bioactive ingredient of ginger is zingerone, it helps with the prevention of diarrhea due to pathogens (Chen, 2007). The bioactive ingredients of ginger, that make ginger known for its function of being an: antioxidant, anti-angiogenesis, anti-cancer, anti-atherosclerotic, and anti inflammatory are gingerol, shogoal, and paradol (Hanim et al., 2008). The way these molecules are able to posses all of these properties is by reducing the number activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. Nuclear factor-kappa B is important in the ability for the cell to multiply and form new blood vessels. When nuclear factor-kappa B inhibited it hinders the formation of new blood vessels and the c ells ability to rapidly multiply (Hanim et al., 2008). Saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids are all found in ginger (Ghayur Gilani, 2005). (Hoffman 2007) Tumeric Curcuminoids are a bioactive ingredient in turmeric that has antioxidant properties (Leal et al., 2003). In a reaction that requires polykedtide synthase, two p-coumaroyl-CoA molecules are joined together with a malonyl-CoA molecule to release a water molecule and form curcuminoids (Ramirez-Ahumada et al., 2006).There are three types of curcuminoids, they are curcumin, demethoxycurcumin, and bisdemthoycurcumin (Jurenka 2009). Turmeric has the largest amount of curcumin compared to other spices; turmeric is 3.14 percent curcumin and can be up to 9 percent curcuminoids (Tayyem et al., 2006)(Krishnaswamy 2007). The carbonyl group in curcumin has been related to how turmeric may help with preventing cancer (Leal et al., 2003). Curcumin is virtually water insoluble because its a lipophilic polyphenol molecule (Jurenka 2009). In addition, curcumin can survive the acidic content of the stomach (Jurenka 2009). Another important group of ingredients in turmeric are the volatile oils; rumerone , zingiberone, and atlantone (Jurenka 2009). (Ahmed Gilani, 2008) Modern Use Ginger Related to Nausea, Vomiting, and Diarrhea The way that ginger prevents vomiting is not a known mechanism (White 2007). But what is considered is that ginger stops the binding of serotonin receptors and has an effect on the gastrointestinal system along with the central nervous system to prevent vomiting (White 2007). Ginger has shown to have a positive effect on reducing nausea and vomiting related to both pregnancy and post operation (White 2007). Pregnant women taking ginger by capsule have shown to experience positive results by having a decrease in nausea and vomiting (Ozgoli et al., 2009). Women who are pregnant and experiencing nausea and vomiting should take 250 mg of ginger four times a day (White 2007). In China, United Kingdom, and Thailand ginger is listed on the pharmacopeias list for being an important drug for pregnant women because of its ability to decrease nausea and vomiting (Ozgoli et al., 2009). In a study with pregnant women, 77 percent of the women had a major improvement in the severity of nausea and 6 7 percent had a decrease in frequency of vomiting when using ginger syrup (Ozgoli et al, 2009). When ginger is taken by either capsule or syrup there was a positive result in reducing nausea (Ozgoli et al., 2009). Levine et al. found that nausea was slowed down during chemotherapy treatments when ginger was combined with protein (Levine et al., 2008). In a recent study done by Chen et al., they found an additional benefit to ginger, that it prevents diarrhea (Chen et al, 2007). The way ginger stop diarrhea is by inhibiting the B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin from attaching to the ganglioside GM1 (Chen et al., 2007). Ginger and Arthritis There are varied views on whether ginger has any effect on relieving pain from arthritis (White 2007). There was a study that showed a significant difference in reducing arthritis symptoms in the knee with the uses of ginger extract but another study said that it may only be in the first phase of treatment that symptoms are reduced (White 2007). Patients taking ginger in the powder form have noticed a decrease in swelling and pain (White 2007). There has not been much research on the use of ginger rubbing oil but it is an option to ease the pain from inflamed joints (White 2007). In a study performed on rats, the subjects were injected with polyarthritis which is like redness and irritation to the skin, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis and each rats knee was measured before inflammation (Levy et al., 2006).One group of rats was given 6.2 mg/kg of 6-shogaol per a day, this group had much lower amount of swelling in the knee compared to the control group (Levy et al., 2006).Aft er twenty-eight days of the trial, the swelling of the 6-shogaol group was almost as low as the circumference of the knee measurement before the trial began (Levy et al., 2006). The way that 6-shogaol reduced the inflammation was by keeping monocytes, macrophages, leukocyte, and lymphocytes in the blood and inhibiting the movement of them into the synovial cavity (Levy et al., 2006). Ginger and Heart Disease One of gingers known properties is effect on cholesterol, which is known as hyocholesterosterolamic, having low total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein are to important components in reduce risk for heart disease (A1-Amin et al., 2006).Ginger may lower the risk of heart disease by lowing cholesterol and thinning the blood to prevent clots from forming (Hoffman 2007). In a study performed on rats, when taking ginger daily the blood cholesterol of the rats was reduced but had an inverse affect on blood sugar by increasing it in the rats (Srinivasan 2005) High blood pressure is another risk factor in having an increase risk for heart disease. The ginger root has been shown in studies using rats to be lower high blood pressure but there are very few studies done with humans (Chen et al., 2009). The two ingredient of ginger that has a lower effect of blood pressure are 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol but the mechanism of how they do it is unknown (Chen et al., 2009). When rats were given g inger there was a 44 percent decrease in blood cholesterol levels. After seven weeks of ginger treatment there was a 41 percent decrease in triglycerides in these same rats (Al-Amin et al., 2006). Ginger and Anti-inflammatory agents Ginger can be consumed as tea or you can inhale the vapors through steam, this is a method use to decrease inflammation in upper respiratory infections like flu, sinusitis, colds and bronchitis (Hoffman 2007). Ginger has also been beneficial in women who experience painful menstrual cycles (Hoffman 2007). Ginger and Antimicrobial Activity Ginger extract slows down the growth of two bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium. This is a very significant finding due to the increase of tuberculosis the past few years and the increase in drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Leal et al, 2003). Patients who are immune compromised benefit from the antimicrobial activity of ginger (Leal et al., 2003). Ginger and Diabetes There have been mixed reviews on if ginger has blood glucose lowering effects and if it beneficial to diabetics. Some studies show that it lowers blood glucose in both diabetic and non-diabetic animals but it also shows that ginger has increased blood glucose levels (Al-Amin et al., 2006). In a trail with rats that had been experimentally induced with diabetes they found that ginger could help in the treatment of diabetes (Al-Amin et al., 2006). The group of rats that had diabetes that were treated with ginger had a 52 percent decrease in their blood glucose levels (Al-Amin et al., 2006). The non-diabetic rats did gain weight through this trial and the control diabetic group lost weight (Al-Amin et al., 2006). The diabetic rats that were treated with ginger, at the end of the trial had maintained their weight (Al-Amin et al., 2006). The protein levels present in the urine of the rats that were given ginger had decrease by 60 percent (Al-Amin et al., 2006). In the diabetic rats that w ere administrated ginger, there was a reduction in both urine excretion as well as water consumption (Al-Amin et al., 2006). Ginger enhances the release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreases; this is one of the few mechanisms that result in a beneficial outcome on people with diabetes (Al-Amin et al., 2006). Ginger and Cancer The initiation of nuclear factor-kappa B is stopped by ginger root, which will inhibit the growth of the tumor cell and the ability of new blood vessels to supply blood and nutrients to the tumor (Rhode et al., 2007). Ovarian cancer cells have shown to slow down and even stop growth in the presences of 6-shagoal, a component of ginger (Rhode et al., 2007). After one to five days of ovarian cancer cells being in the presence of ginger the growth of the cells slowed down. With the dose ranging as high as 50 micrograms/ul to as low as 30 micrograms/ul of ginger there was evidence of slowing down of the cell growth of the cancer cells (Rhode et al., 2007). Prostate cancer, colon cancer, gastrointestinal cancer, and breast cancer has been reduced in occurrence with the increase of ginger and other functional foods (Rhode et al., 2007). With the stopping of nuclear factor-kappa B, this shows that another benefit to ginger is that it is anti-neoplastic (Rhode et al., 2007). There was a decr ease in the spreading of cancer in the lungs when a bioactive ingredient of ginger, 6-gingerol, was administrated to mice ( Yance Sagar et al., 2006). Turmeric and Anti-inflammatory The inflammatory diseases that benefit from turmeric are inflammatory bowel disease, pancreatitis, arthritis, certain cancers and chronic anterior uveitis (Jurenka 2009). There are many ways that curcumin, in turmeric, decreases inflammation for example the down regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and lipoxygenase (Jurenka 2009). Another way that inflammation is reduced is to stop the formation of inflammatory cytokines. Some of these cytokines are interleukin -1,-2,-6,-8 and -12, migration inhibitory protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TMF-alpha) and monocyte chemoacttractant protein (MCP) (Jurenka 2009). Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) is inhibited by curcumin, which prevents the action of inducible nitric oxide syntheses and cyclooxygenase-2 (Jurenka 2009). Nuclear factor kappa B is affects inflammation, the growth of a new tumor, cell growth and division, and transformation (Jurenka 2009). When taking 50 to 200mg/kg of curcumin, in mice, there was a smaller occurrence of edem a and at 48mg/kg there was an even smaller occurrence of edema by 50-percent (Jurenka 2009). When there has been damage to the mucosal cells, for example Ulcerative Colitis, curcumin is shown to reduce the inflammation (Jurenka 2009). When giving curcumin to rats with Ulcerative Colitis, that was induced experimentally, there was a decrease in inflammation and progress in reducing severity of symptoms; this was also true in rats that had experimentally induced pancreatitis (Jurenka 2009). When comparing curcumin to phenylbutazone and a placebo, which was lactose powder, 400mg of curcumin showed the best results in decreasing inflammation in patient after surgery (Jurenka 2009). A study done on patients with an inflammatory eye disease, anterior uveitis, there showed a positive result from the use of curcumin. There were two groups, one took 375 mg of curcumin alone and the other group took the 375mg of curcumin combined with antitubercular therapy. Following two weeks of these therapies, the group that took just curcumin there was a 100 percent improvement but the group with the combination of curcumin with the antitubercular therapy only had an 86 percent improvement (Jurenka 2009). In animals, curcumin has slowe d down multiple sclerosis (Fahey et al., 2007) Turmeric and Gastric Ulcers When a study was done, on patients diagnosed with peptic ulcers, curcumin showed an absence of ulcers at their check up. Patients were told to take 600mg of curcumin 30 to 60 minutes prior to eating a meal , then at 4:00 pm and once again prior to going to bed, so about five times a day. This study was conducted for twelve weeks and in a third of the way through the study 48 percent of the patients did not have any ulcers. When the twelve weeks were over 76 percent of patients were absent of ulcers (Jurenka 2009). Turmeric and Arthritis When rats were given 4mg/kg of curcuminoids per a day four days before arthritis inducted injection there was a 75 percent decrease in joint inflammation in a rats with acute arthritis and a 68 percent decrease in joint inflammation in rats with chronic arthritis (Jurenka 2009). Due to low levels of absorption, they decided to see if oral curcuminoids would decrease joint inflammation. Four days before given the arthritis inducted injections the rats were given a high oral dose of curcuminoids, by the third day there was a 48 percent decrease in joint inflammation. This showed that the oral intake of curcuminoids can still lower joint inflammation in regards to arthritis (Jurenka 2009). There was a reduction in swollen joints and stiffness in the morning and an increase in walking time for people with rheumatoid arthritis when taking 1200 mg of curcumin a day (Jurenka 2009). Four days before the injection, the rats were given 23mg/kg/day of curcuminoids (Funk et al., 2006). In an acu te inflammatory state, there was an inhibition of 64 percent and an even better result with chronic arthritis with a 72 percent inhibition (Funk et al., 2006). Funk et al. found that whether it is a large amount of fraction turmeric or a small amount of curcuminoids that are have been purified, they both have shown to have benefits to arthritis and help suppress it (Funk et al., 2006). However they do think that the more harmless and more successful form is purified curcuminoids (Funk et al., 2006). Turmeric and Cancer The ability to prevent rapid cell growth and the ability to cause signaling that will result in cell death are two important ways curcumin has show to stop the growth of cancer (Fahey et al., 2007). When curcumin stops the actions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, this promotes the death of the cancer cell (Fahey et al., 2007). Curcumin has thought to have effect that can inhibit the growth of cancer and many studies have shown that curcumin has stopped the formation of cancer cells (Jurenka 2009). There are many mechanism of how curcumin decrease the risk of cancer. High levels of COX-2 have been related to cancer; therefore curcumin is beneficial by decreasing COX-2 and NF-kB (Jurenka 2009). Lipoxygenase is used to metabolize arachidonic acid, when this occurs scavenging free radicals are formed. The way curcumin has anti-cancer activity is it interferes with lipoxygenase to slow down the metabolism of arachidonic acid, which reduces the free radicals (Jurenka 2009). The growth of cancer cells is slowed down when curcumin reduces the occurrence of inflammatory cytokines IL -1B, IL-6, and TNF-a (Jurenka 2009). Protein kinase C is an intercellular signaling protein in which intervenes on the rapid growth and inflammation of the cells, curcumin down-regulates these enzymes to reduce the growth of tumors (Jurenka 2009). The anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant actions of curcumin play a big role in its prevention of cancer (Tayyem et al.2006). In colon cancer present in animals, curcumin slowed down the growth of tumors (Tayyem et al., 2006). Turmeric and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) One of the most frequently experienced symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome is abdominal pain. In an eight week study done on patients with Irritable bowel syndrome patients were divided into two groups and administrated 72mg of turmeric extract or 144mg of turmeric extract (Jurenka 2009). . Half way through the study the occurrence of IBS had decrease by 53 percent in patients taking 72 mg of turmeric extract and there was a 60 percent reduction in patient taking 144mg of turmeric extract. When the study was complete there was a 22 percent decrease in abdominal pain in patients taking 72mg and a 25 percent decrease in patients receiving 144mg of turmeric extract (Jurenka 2009). Turmeric and Blood Glucose Levels In some studies, they found that turmeric has a positive effect on glucose tolerance (Srinivasan 2005). In people taking curcumin, an active ingredient in turmeric, they were able to lower their fasting blood sugar levels, which resulted in their insulin dosage decreasing (Srinivasan 2005). In a study that looked at rats with diabetes, the rhizome extract exhibited lower levels of blood sugar levels (Srinivasan 2005). The conclusion, of the study was that people that are diabetic will benefit from 1 gram of turmeric power with a healthy diet (Srinivasan 2005). Turmeric and Heart Disease Turmerics anti-oxidant properties help in the combat against heart disease. When turmeric was from one to five percent of the diet within four weeks cholesterol and triglycerides had decreased while HDL had increased (Krishnaswamy 2007). In a sixty day trial, a group of people were given 20 mg of curcumin. At the end of the trial the levels of high density lipoprotein and low density lipoproteins peroxidation concentration had been reduced from anywhere between 25 percent to 50 percent (Bosca et al., 1997). Turmeric and Alzheimers Disease When looking at the population if India, there was a noticeable link between Alzheimers disease and turmeric. Turmeric is a greatly used spice in India and the prevalence of Alzheimers disease is lower in India when compared to the United States (Calabrese et al., 2003). There is not much scientific finding on turmeric inhibiting Alzheimers disease and the way it is done is unknown (Ahmed Gilani, 2008). When observing the activity of AChE and the curcuminoids, bisdemethoxycurcumin was the most powerful curcuminoid while curcumin was the least effective curcuminoid (Ahmed Gilani, 2008). In the test to examine memory retention, they used rats that had scopolamine-induced amnesia and the Morris water maze. After being injected with scopolamine, the rats were given either a mixture of curcuminoid or either bisdemethoxycurcumin, or curcumin. All curcuminoids, either the mixture or individually, showed inverse effects of the scopolamine-induced amnesia, which showed that curcuminoids cou ld be used for treating Alzheimers disease (Ahmed Gilani, 2008).In the brain, curcumin reduces the oxidative stress, lower the amount of plaque and inhibits inflammation. These actions are key components in preventing Alzheimers disease but this can also play a part in inhibiting the development of Parkinsons disease also (Lim et al., 2001). Turmeric and Antibiotics Activity One of well know functions of turmeric is its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria. Turmeric has shown to inhibit the growth of many bacteria including, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Negi et al., 1999). Other bacteria that is inhibited by ginger is Helicobacter pylori (De et al., 2009). Gram positive bacteria required a lot less quantity of turmeric oil than gram negative to inhibit bacteria (Negi et al, 1999). Gram positive only required 50 ppm to inhibit the growth of bacteria but 200 pm was require to inhibit the growth of gram negative bacteria (Negi et al., 1999). Safety/Toxicity Ginger Ginger is listed on the WHO monograph and the U.S. Food and Drug Administrations safe herb list (Ozgoli et al., 2009). Ginger may affect the gastrointestinal tract slightly and cause heartburn, diarrhea, and irritation to the mouth but besides these symptoms ginger does not cause any adverse effects (White 2007). In animals, ginger had inotropic effects which lead to arrhythmia (White 2007). It has been shown that 1,000 mg a day of ginger is safe and has had better results than the higher doses (Ozgoli et al., 2009). Ginger consumption should not exceed 4 grams a day and ginger should not be given to children under the age of 2 (Hoffman 2007). If someone is on warfarin they should check with their doctor about taking high dose of ginger (White 2007). Patients should talk to their primary care physician about taking warfarin and ginger they both having blood thinning effects(Hoffman 2007).There needs to be more research on adverse effect and drug interaction with ginger (White 2007). If someone has gallstones, they need to talk to their doctor about taking ginger as a medicine due to the ginger increasing the flow of bile (Hoffman 2007). Ginger has no adverse effects on the outcomes of pregnancy and is a safe and practical product to be used (White 2007). The potency of ginger increases when it is in powder form, so it is advised that pregnant women do not take ginger in powdered form (Hoffman 2007). Turmeric Turmeric has shown to be a very safe supplement. In a human trial that lasted for three months they were administrated 8 grams of curcumin a day and determined that it was safe (Chainani-Wu 2003). Studies have shown that it is safe to take up to 8 grams of curcumin, an ingredient in turmeric, on a daily bases (Jurenka 2009).The only concern with turmeric is hepatotoxicity; in two studies done with rats and mice hepatotoxicity was showing up in test (Chainani-Wu 2003). In one study, rat and mice were given a diet of 5 percent turmeric and turmeric extract for 90 days there were adverse effect of weight loss, change in the weight of the liver, and hepatotoxicity (Chainani-Wu 2003). Another study performed on mice, within 14 days of the study there were signs of hepatotoxicity (Chainani-Wu 2003). The diet was made of 0.2 percent to 5 percent turmeric and a .05 percent to 0.25 percent ethanolic turmeric extract (Chainani-Wu 2003). In human studies there seem to be no problem with hepatot oxicity and Chainani Wu believes this because humans metabolize curcumin more easily than rats (Chainani-Wu 2003). In the study done by Bosca et al., they had not adverse side effect on the liver from turmeric; they looked at liver enzyme and monitored the bilrubin levels (Bosca et al., 1997). If patients are taking chemotherapy drugs they should talk with their doctors (Jurenka 2009). Curcumin can inhibit as well as enhance chemotherapy drugs, so it is important to discuss the type of drug you are taking with your doctor (Jurenka 2009). Patients on anticoagulant and antiplatetlet medicines should talk to their doctors before taking high doses of curcumin; because of its ability prevent platelet aggregation (Chainani-Wu 2003). If patients are suffering from gallstone before taking large dose of turmeric they should discuss it with a doctor. The contractions of the gallbladder are increased when taking curcumin (Chainani-Wu 2003). Conclusion Both ginger and turmeric have been proven safe by many studies and have shown great benefits to the health of individuals. Turmeric and ginger both have shown to decrease negative effects of diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and cancer. Both of these spices show antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. There seem to be no detrimental side effect of taking ginger or turmeric, so there is no harm trying to add more into your diet. As with adding any supplement it best to take in moderation and contact your primary care physician.

Garage Fraud Essay -- essays research papers

Garage Fraud and How to Prevent It   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever wondered why it cost you hundreds of dollars to get a belt changed on your car? The answer is simple: Auto-repair fraud. According to Norris and Engel’s book Auto Repair Fraud, the number one consumer complaint in the country is auto repair fraud. Americans pay more than 29 billion dollars a year to service and repair vehicles. According to a three year U.S. Senate sub-committee investigation into the auto repair industry, one-third of all car repair dollars, ten-billion dollars a year, is wasted on inadequate, inept, or corrupt service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many people are unaware just how much auto-repair fraud, or â€Å"garage fraud† takes place. It can take place anywhere from service stations who may perform light mechanic work, to a Garage which may fix tires, brakes, shocks, or transmissions. People can be taken advantage of in â€Å"garage fraud† in many ways. One way this can happen is by an attendant lying about labor, or the actual amount of time he spent on your vehicle. Another method is by huge markups on replacement parts, or cleaning and painting your old part and selling it back to you. Lastly, the attendant may lie about what is actually wrong with your car and charge you for something far more expensive.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   These frauds take place because many people leave their vehicles unattended at shops or can’t see what is going on inside the garage. Many times a p...

Alcoholism and Theme Jake Doesn

The Sun Also Rises Quote Literary Element Commentary can't get away from yourself by moving from one place to ) conflict Jake is trying to explain that you can't find happiness by moving to another place. You have to find happiness within yourself wherever you may be in life. â€Å"l mistrust all frank and simple people, especially when their stories hold together† (12) theme Jake doesn't trust the ones who are upfront and real because he is so used to seeing everyone who is fake. â€Å"This is a good place,† he said. There's a lot of liquor,† I agreed. † (19) characterization From having a hard life, Jake has seem to fallen on alcohol to heal the wounds throughout his life. He is always drinking and being drunk during the story. â€Å"No, I don't like Paris. It's expensive and dirty. † (26) setting Here George explains to Frances how she doesn't like Paris for it is too expensive. Since this book Is placed In the sass's. Everywhere at this time was e xpensive because of WWW â€Å"l was a little drunk.Not drunk in any positive sense but Just enough to be careless. † (29) theme Jake refers to being drunk and he mentions It can be positive. The characters In this kook drink like it essential to living and that it is a great thing. â€Å"He looked a great deal as his compatriot must have looked when he saw the promised land†¦. He had that look of eager. Deserving expectation. † (29) characterization Cohn was looking at Brett because he thought she was absolutely stunning and he had hopes of being with her. â€Å"Couldn't we live together, Brett?Could we Just live together? † â€Å"l don't think so. I'd just trooper you with everybody. † (62) conflict Jake and Brett want to be together but Brett can't live with Sake's disability and she says that she would always cheat on Jake if they did live together. Never fall in love? † â€Å"Always,† said the count. â€Å"l am always In love. † (67) The count says he is always in love, this points out the fact that he is a hopeless romantic and it could also mean he Is not happy with himself so he seeks love to compensate. Friends,† said Mike. â€Å"l had a lot of friends. False friends. Then I had creditors, too. Probably had more creditors than anybody in England. † (141 ) theme Mike has lost all his money from having fake friends. HIS friends were only his friends because of his fortune and wealth. â€Å"Don't you know you're not wanted? † (146) Mike says this to Jake and It shows that Mike Is someone who has no filter on what they say. Whatever he thinks, he says. Under the wine I lost the disgusted feeling and was happy.It seemed they were all such nice people. (150) theme lake uses alcohol to mask his telling an like he wants to believe they are. That his trends aren't nice † ‘Oh, Jake,' Brett said, ‘we could have had such a damned good time together. ‘ ‘Yes,' I sa id. ‘Isn't it pretty to think so? ‘ † (251) conflict Brett and Jake wish that the could be together but they know they can't. If it wasn't for lake's impotence, then they could have a great life together.

Creating Your College Wish List

Creating Your College Wish List Figuring out where to apply to college is exciting, but it can be a major challenge. After all, there are over 3,000 four-year colleges in the United States, and each school has its own unique strengths and defining features. Fortunately, you can rather easily narrow down your search to a much more manageable number of colleges with the help of our series, Creating Your College Wish List. Youll find a variety of articles, sorted in easy-to-follow sections  that will guide you in the college selection process. Whether youre doing a national or regional search, whether you care most about engineering or the beach, or the most selective and prestigious colleges in the country, youll find articles here that feature top schools that speak to your interests. Every college applicant has different criteria for selecting schools, and the categories featured here capture some of the most common selection factors. The articles are organized to focus first on  topics that will be relevant to all college applicants, and later sections are more specialized. Read below to learn which sections will be most relevant to your own college search.   Tips for Narrowing Down Your College List   The first step in coming up with your college wish list is to figure out what type of school you want to attend.  Understanding Different Kinds of Colleges  begins with an article that discusses 15 factors to consider when choosing a school. Along with the quality of the academics, you should consider a schools student / faculty ratio, financial aid resources, research opportunities, graduation rates, and more. Its also important to figure out if youll flourish at a small college or a large university. If youre a solid A student with strong SAT or ACT scores, be sure to look through the articles in the second section, The Most Selective Colleges.  Youll find a detailed list of the countrys most selective colleges and universities  as well as lists of the colleges that tend to top the national rankings. Whether youre looking for a top public university or one of the best liberal arts colleges, youll find information on a range of impressive schools.   Selectivity, of course, doesnt tell the whole story when choosing a college. Under  Best Schools by Major or Interest,  youll find articles  focused  on particular interests whether they be academic or co-curricular. Are you looking for a top engineering school? Or perhaps you want a college with a strong equestrian program. This third section can help guide your college search. Other colleges have a Distinct Student Body that might appeal to you. In the fourth section, youll find articles featuring schools with specialized missions including the top womens colleges and top historically black colleges and universities. The great majority of college students attend a school thats within a days drive from home. If youre restricting your search to a particular geographic region, youll find guidance in Best Colleges by Region.  Whether you want to learn about the top New England colleges or best schools on the West Coast, youll find an article identifying the top schools in your chosen area. If youre not a straight A student or your SAT or ACT scores are sub-par, dont worry. In  Great Schools for Mere Mortals,  youll find top colleges for B students and a list of test-optional colleges that dont consider standardized test scores when making admissions decisions. A Final Word on Creating Your College List Keep in mind that words like top and best are highly subjective, and the best school for your particular strengths, interests, goals, and personality may very well be a college that isnt at the top of the national rankings. Once youre found the colleges that match your selection criteria, make sure your list includes a realistic mix of match, reach, and safety schools. Many of the schools featured here are highly selective, and plenty of students with strong grades and standardized test scores get rejected.   You should always shoot for the top, but make sure you have a contingency plan. You dont want to find yourself in the spring of senior year with no acceptance letters.

Factors Leading to the Vietnam War essays

Factors Leading to the Vietnam War essays War is never pretty, and a war can also take a serious toll on the health and well being of both a country as a whole and the people who live in that country as individuals. Despite this, though, wars still happen all the time, so it is important to understand why this is the case and why people still feel that wars are inevitable. What is so significant about a war that makes the suffering and death that takes place during that war worth it? This can be asked of any war, but here it is asked specifically of the Vietnam War. The hypothesis examined here is that the Vietnam War was started because the United States was concerned about stopping the spread of communism. Most of the evidence that can be found and studied today seems to support this anti-communism theory, but there are also other opinions and beliefs on the issue. Some of these come from scholars, and some come from laypeople, but the most common and often-discussed ones are certainly worthy of consideration. It is important, therefore, to look at the different major theories that can be found on the Vietnam War to see whether the hypothesis above is valid. This is done through an analysis of three different sources and what those sources have to say about the causes of the Vietnam War. Unlike most wars that have either been fought in the United States or have had United States involvement, the Vietnam War did not have a specific starting point. At least, this is true as it relates to when the U.S. entered the war. Instead, the U.S. came into the war in steps and stages between 1950 and 1956 (Chambers, 1999). It began by helping out the French, who were trying to hang on to Indochina. This little bit of aid increased and as the White House changed hands and President Kennedy had to make decisions, our country became more and more involved in helping out (Chambers, 1999). At first it was just aid. After that, the next President of our nation sent troops over to Vietn...

Implications Of Global Warming For Tourism In Canada Research Paper

Implications Of Global Warming For Tourism In Canada - Research Paper Example The industry has now become of the major income earner and source of employment in these countries. According to Edgell (1993), tourism stimulates the growth of basic infrastructure, enhances the growth of domestic industries and transfer of information and technology, and attracts foreign investment. One of the countries that have benefitted a lot from tourism is Canada. Canada is the second largest country globally and one of the prosperous nations on the planet earth. It is a member of the Group of Eight (G8) and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Its economy is rated as the 9th largest economy globally (CNN News). The key industries in the economy of Canada are manufacturing, service sector, energy and agriculture. Apart from these, tourism also plays a big role in the economy of Canada. In Canada, tourism accounts for about 2% of its overall gross domestic product (GDP), with a GDP value that equals to that of forestry, hunting, agriculture and fi shing combined. In 2007, tourism contributions to Canada reached $28.6 billion, a 5.9% increase turnover from 2006. During the same year, 2007, it generated a total of $21.2 billion in government revenues and over 653,400 jobs for the citizens. In 2008, these increased to $74 billion in revenues and over 66, 000 jobs (Canadian Tourism Commission, 2008). ... Generally, the nation’s tourist attractions include glacial features, parks, waterfalls, historic sites, culture, mountains, ski resorts, museums, art galleries, and hiking and camping destinations. There are also a lot of rivers and lakes for outdoor recreation, boating, fishing and hunting, Crescent Street located in Montreal and suspension bridge located above the Capilano River, and Valley of the Ten Peaks and the Moraine Lake located in Alberta province. The country is bordered by Atlantic Ocean to the east, Pacific Ocean to the west and Arctic Ocean to the north and therefore beaches and other coastal features form an important tourist attraction feature especially during the summers. The above discussion and explanations are a proof that tourism is an important part in the sustenance of the economy of Canada. This means that anything threatening the sustainability of this sector directly threatens the Canadian economy. One of the things that is currently threatening the sustenance of this sector is global warming. This phenomenon has brought about some environmental changes that have significant implications for Tourism in Canada. In order to understand this deeply, it is important to have an overview of what global warming is. Global warming In simple terms, global warming can be defined as the rise in the average global temperatures. This increase in temperature is felt both in the earth’s atmosphere and the oceans/seas. According to Solomon et al (2008), the occurrence of global warming is influenced by different factors that are collectively known as external forcing. These are processes that are external to the earth’s climate system and the earth’s climate

Conversation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conversation - Essay Example I had never thought that my grandmother had such a good memory. She would narrate of events that happened decades ago as if thy happened just yesterday. Her name is Cecelia Goddu. She is 90 years old, which is quite surprising since she still, looks and sounds very young. She started by telling me that she was born in South Dartmouth Massachusetts. I was surprised to learn that she had a twin sister called Hilda Rodrigues. This was something I had never known before. Their parents were Antonio and Dimantina Reis, both of whom were born in Azores, Portugal. This was another interesting piece of information I had never thought I had relatives outside United States. She continued to tell m how my ancestors ended up in United States. Antonio moved to United States where he became a prominent farmer after which he invited my great-grandmother whom she married. On Jun 23 1922, 90 years ago, my great-grandparents got twins whom they called Cecelia and Titia Hilda. They both had many children and the family grew large. My father is one of the grandchildren of Titia Hilda. It was interesting to have this wonderful discovery of my