How Honeybees Turn Nectar Into Honey

The sweet, viscous honey we take for granted as a sweetener or cooking ingredient is the product of industrious honeybees working as a highly organized colony, collecting flower nectar and converting it into a high-sugar food store. The production of honey by bees involves several chemical processes, including digestion, regurgitation, enzyme activity, and evaporation. Bees create honey as a highly efficient food source to sustain themselves year-round, including the dormant months of winter—human beings are just along for the ride. In the commercial honey-gathering  industry, the excess honey in the hive is what is harvested for packaging and sale, with enough honey left in the hive to sustain the bee population until it becomes active again the following spring.   The Honeybee Colony A honeybee colony generally consists of one queen bee—the only fertile female; a few thousand drone bees, which are fertile males; and tens of thousands of worker bees, which are sterile females.  In the production of honey, these worker bees take on specialized roles as  foragers  and  house bees. Gathering and Processing Flower Nectar The actual process of transforming the flower nectar into honey requires teamwork. First,  older forager  worker bees  fly out from the hive in search of nectar-rich flowers. Using its straw-like proboscis, a forager bee drinks the liquid nectar from a flower and stores it in a special organ called the honey stomach. The bee continues to forage until its honey stomach is full, visiting 50 to 100  flowers per trip from the hive. At the moment the nectars reach the honey stomach, enzymes begin to break down the complex sugars of the nectar into simpler sugars that are less prone to crystallization. This process is called inversion. Handing Off the Nectar With a full belly, the forager  bee heads back to the hive and regurgitates the already modified nectar directly to  a younger house bee. The house bee ingests the sugary offering from the forager bee, and its own enzymes further break down the sugars. Within the hive, house bees pass the nectar from individual to individual until the water content is reduced to about 20 percent. At this point, the last house bee regurgitates the fully inverted nectar into a cell of the honeycomb.   Next, the hive bees beat their wings furiously, fanning the nectar to evaporate its remaining water content; evaporation is also helped by the temperature inside a hive being a constant 93 to 95 F. As the water evaporates, the sugars thicken into a substance recognizable as honey. When an individual cell is full of honey, the house bee caps the beeswax cell, sealing the honey into the honeycomb for later consumption. The beeswax is produced by glands on the bees abdomen. Collecting Pollen While most foraging bees are dedicated to collecting nectar for the production of honey, about 15 to 30 percent of the foragers are collecting pollen on their flights out from the hive.  The pollen is used to make beebread, the bees main source of dietary protein. The pollen also provides bees with fats, vitamins, and minerals. To keep pollen from spoiling, the bees add enzymes and acids to it  from salivary gland secretions. How Much Honey Is Produced? A single worker bee lives only a few weeks and in that time produces only about 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey.  But working cooperatively, a hives thousands of worker bees can produce more than  200 pounds of honey for the colony within a year. Of this amount, a beekeeper can harvest 30 to 60 pounds of honey without compromising the colonys ability to survive the winter.   The Food Value of Honey A tablespoon of honey contains 60 calories, 16 grams of sugar, and 17 grams of carbs. For humans, its a less bad sweetener than refined sugar, because honey contains antioxidants and enzymes. Honey can vary in color, flavor, and antioxidant level, depending on where it is produced because it can be made from so many different trees and flowers. For example, eucalyptus honey may seem to have a hint of menthol flavor. Honey made from nectar from fruit bushes may have more fruity undertones than honey  made from nectars of flowering plants. Honey produced and sold locally is often much more unique in taste than honey manufactured on a huge scale and appearing on grocery store shelves, because these widely distributed products are highly refined and pasteurized, and they may be blends of honey  from many different regions.   Honey can be purchased in several different forms. It is available as a traditional viscous liquid in glass or plastic bottles, or it can be purchased as slabs of honeycomb with honey still packed in the cells. You can also buy honey in granulated form or whipped or creamed to make it easier to spread.   Bee Species All honey consumed by people is produced by only seven different species of  honeybees. Other types of bees, and a few other insects, also make honey, but these types are not used for commercial production and human consumption. Bumblebees, for example, make a similar honey-like substance to store their nectar, but its not the sweet delicacy that honeybees make.  Neither is it made in the same quantity because, in  a bumblebee colony, only the queen hibernates for the winter. About Nectar   Honey is not possible at all without nectar from flowering plants. Nectar is a sweet, liquidy substance produced by glands within plant flowers. Nectar is an  evolutionary adaptation that attracts insects to the flowers by offering them nutrition. In return, the insects help fertilize the flowers by transmitting pollen particles clinging to their bodies from flower to flower during their foraging activities. In this synergetic relationship, both parties benefit: Bees and other insects gain food while simultaneously transmitting the pollen necessary to fertilization and seed production in the flowering plants. In its natural state, nectar contains about 80 percent  water, along with complex sugars. Left unattended, nectar eventually ferments and is useless as a food source for bees. It cannot be stored for any length of time by the insects. But by transforming the nectar into honey, the bees create an efficient and usable carbohydrate that is only 14 to 18 percent water and one that can be stored almost indefinitely without fermenting or spoiling. Pound for pound, honey provides bees with a much more concentrated energy source that can sustain them through cold winter months.

Same Sex Marriage Should Not Be Allowed - 1115 Words

Same sex marriage is currently the most active religious debate in the United States, and for good reason. The U.S. Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage across the United States on June 26th, 2015. Many of the largest U.S. religious institutions have remained firmly against this ruling. Nevertheless, many other religious groups also have moved to allow same-sex couples to marry within their traditions. Conflict has arisen within the Christian community, and with over 70 percent of American Adults identifying as Christians, a great divide has been set. Robert Gagnon is an Associate Professor of New Testament at the Pittsburgh Theological Seminary. Gagnon has focused on the issue of homosexuality in relation to Christianity and the Bible, basing his work on both the analysis of biblical text and on arguments based on biology and gender. In his article â€Å"Why `Gay Marriage` Is Wrong†, he voices his opinion as to why same-sex marriage should not be allowed. He says that legalizing gay marriage would undermine the institution of marriage and bring about other negative effects as well. Gagnon states that gay marriage is, in fact, a contradiction in itself. He recognizes marriage in the scriptural context of being a merger between maleness and femaleness. The male halve and the female halve join together in order to create a whole, completing the marriage. Without these two halves, a marriage cannot be completed. He states that â€Å"Men experiencing homoerotic desire need notShow MoreRelatedShould Same Sex Marriage Be Allowed?1620 Words   |  7 Pages The Right To Marriage Same sex marriage is a topic today that brings strong moral objections from both sides. Should same sex marriage be allowed? Should these people be given the same rights in their relationship as heterosexual couples? Why restrict these citizens from their rights just because of their love for another? Should we deny foreign customs to foreigners just because they aren’t customs we perform? The United States is a land of the free, not the restricted. We are not robots setRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should Be Allowed2932 Words   |  12 Pages Gay Marriage Abstract This paper discusses homosexuality in our society, particularly in granting homosexual couples a right to marry. The pros and the cons throw out a ton of arguments supporting their position. This issue, whether or not the same-sex marriage should be allowed, is extremely controversial and the debates never end. In this paper, I take the pro side by providing strong both qualitative and quantitative data, how the homosexual marriage can benefit society, how far they have foughtRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Allowed Marriage?1888 Words   |  8 PagesDebates continue to arise over whether people in same-sex relationships should be allowed marriage or some similar status (Academia). Opponents of same-sex marriage argue that the institution of marriage should apply only to unions between one man and one woman. The government disagrees and has pasted laws concerning this issue. Politically, on June 26, 2015, the Supreme Court declared same-sex marriage legal in all 50 States. Most people have different views on homosexual couples, citizens argueRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Should NOT Be Allowed Essay1218 Words   |  5 Pages Marriage is legally defined as, a contract made in due form of law, by which a free man and a free woman reciprocally engage to live with each other during their joint lives, in the union which ought to exist between husband and wife. Many liberals argue that gay marriage should be legal in the United States. In the following essay I will attempt to argue why marriage between the same sexes is immoral and unjust. The first point I will talk about is how marriage is a traditional bond betweenRead More Same-Sex Marriages Should NOT Be Allowed Essay717 Words   |  3 Pages Allowing same-sex marriages would change the basic definition of marriage. Marriage is an important commitment of a man and a woman who contribute to civilization. Therefore, the loss of contributions due to someone’s sexual orientation should not be rewarded with a privilege such as marriage. Same-sex marriages affect many factors such as children, the concept of marriage, and humanity. However, it is not a misdemeanor to love somebody of the same gender but it can rigorously damage manyRead MoreSame Sex Marriages Should Be Allowed: Research and Analysis3234 Words   |  13 PagesFinal Conclusion 12 The Same-Sex Marriage Introduction and Background A marriage amongst two individuals of the same sex individuality and/or same genetic sex is known as gay marriage or same-sex marriage. The supporters particularly refer the possibility to perform a marriage of the same sex or lawful appreciation of marriages of the same sex as equal marriage or marriage equality. The same-sex marriage has been the main focus of the debate over the definition of marriage since the era of earlyRead MoreEssay about Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption Should Be Legal703 Words   |  3 PagesSame-sex marriage and adoption should be legal, it should be allowed in every state, everywhere. As of 2014, only 17 states have legalized marriage rights to same-sex couples. The other 34 states have banned gay marriage through law, constitutional amendments, or both. For example, the Pennsylvania Governor won’t challenge overturning of same-sex marriage ban. State Attorney General Kathleen Kane has also announced that she will not defend Pennsylvanias same-sex marriage ban because of what sheRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Is The Legal Union Essay1562 Words   |  7 PagesAbout Company Legal Site Map Contact Advertise ï‡ º ï‡ ¼ ï‡ ½  ©2015 StudyMode.com Home Same-sex marriage Same Sex Marriage Same Sex Marriage Civil union, Homosexuality, Marriage By kwhite89 Mar 16, 2015 1510 Words 56 Views More info ï„” PDF View Text View Page 6 of 6 Read More Same-Sex Marriage Essays1127 Words   |  5 PagesSame-Sex Marriage The United States is known world wide for its civil rights and freedoms. Many Americans are appalled by the idea of same-sex marriages. What?s wrong with the idea of two people who care greatly for one another wanting to spend their lives together? The gay community is misunderstood because many straights are not willing to listen. These individuals would rather just be closed-minded in this situation and reticent to really think about what this means to the gay community andRead MoreGays Should Be Legal Contract1290 Words   |  6 PagesGays Should Be Allowed To Marry Calling something marriage does not make it marriage. Marriage is a legal contract between a man and a woman. It is the institution that establishes kinship and relations in the family. Marriage is mostly recognized by a state, organization, religious authority, local community, or peers. Marriage is for procreation, education, the unity, and well-being of the couple. Some say marriage is for two people who love each other and ready for commitment. Nevertheless, in

Human Resource Perspectives

Question: Formulate the differing perspectives of Human Resource Management. Facilitate ways of developing flexibility within the workplace. Review the need for equal opportunities in the workplace. Answer: Introduction Human resource department is considered to be very important for any organization as it manages all the functions related to the employee management. The professionals of the Human Resource department plays the vital role in achieving the desired objectives related to the corporate social responsibility within the concerned organization. It is very important to understand the desired role of the Human Resource Department for the professionals of the concerned organization as it helps in managing all the activities related to the employee management within the organization (Abraham and Hassanien, 2012). The role of the HR is to ensure equality and diversity between the employees and all the members associated with the organization. This discussion paper will help in identifying the reasons for the recruitment process for the labor force across different types of the organization (Armstrong, 2014). One the other hand this paper will highlight the similarities and the differences betwee n the current Human Resource perspectives. Different perspectives of Human Resource Management There are the certain set of the rules and the desired skills, which are required for the Human Resource Professionals. The professionals of the human resource should have technical skills, human relation skills, conceptual and designing skills and the business skills. The reaction against the desired normative perception is the critical perspective for the Human Resource Department for any organization concerned. The human resource department supplies the skilled workforce via the scientific selection process to the concerned organization (Culver and Seguin, 2014). This particular perspective highlights the desired gap between the rhetoric, as the concerned organization claims in following the vital HRM policies when enforcing the respective hard HRM policies. As per the [past researchers, the past literature on the HRM policies critically states that most of the firm claims the employees to be their vital asset and the organizations also makes different types of the commitments for the welfare of the workforce. But in reality, the employees faces the hard strategic HRM control, the interest of the organization focuses on the priority for their respective employees. The selection process helps in recruiting the skilled and the professional candidates and the department ensures maximum benefits for the organization (Disselkamp, 2009). The Human resource department helps in preparing the employees of the organization according to the demands and the requirements of the organization. It provides the motivation and arranges defined set of training for the employees to enhance e the overall efficiency of the entire organization. The behavioral perspective of the Human Resource Department considers the behavior of the employee as to be the mediator among the organizational performances and the strategy. The theory particularly states that the primary purpose of the Human Resource Department is to control the attitudes and the behavior of the employees to enhance the overall performance of the organization (Editorial Board, 2005). The human resource department also plays the major role in managing the system perspective and the cost perspective to improve the efficiency of the concerned organization. It is the key responsibility of the Human Resource Department to manage the diversity within the workforce. The professionals of the Human Resource department help in conveying the message that the diversity helps in bringing the creativity and finally enhances the profitability of the entire organization. Standardization the management system creates a positive response for the organization. The building of the successive management system builds the concept of the Total quality management and achieves the goals and the targets for the company. Facilitating ways of developing flexibility within the Workplace Workplace management is one of the core responsibilities for the Human Resource Department. The collaboration between the employees helps in enhancing the effectiveness of the workplace of the organization. It becomes very important for the human resource department to manage the diversity within the workforce as this will help in maintaining the effectiveness of the entire organization. The senior management within the organization continues to review their respective people and improves the development practices for the optimization of the organization's ability and for attracting the highly developed skilled workforce to enhance the profitability o f the entire organization (Editorial Board, 2013). The role of the Human Resource department is to meet all the obligations for the work processes of the organization. It has been seen that when the management system of a concerned organization plans to manage and improve its people management methods and practices, then the HR staff dr afts a policy for the desired practices. There are certain barriers for the employees within the workplace which should be overcome with the help of the Human Resource department. This will help in improving the overall performances of the entire organization (Gubler and Mayrhofer, 2013). There are certain reasons for the recruiting of the skilled workforce or the labor as this leads to achieve the desired goals and the objectives of the entire organization. The human resource department is engaged in recruiting the flexible workforce for the concerned organization as it increases the productivity as well as the profitability of the entire organization. The flexibility of the workforce helps the workers to continue as the productive participants. Training is considered to be very important for enhancing the skills of the employees and this increases the overall performances of the individuals associated with the organization (Heery and Noon, 2008). There are part time and the tempor ary staff who get the insufficient training from the organizations as they have the short term contracts. The less skilled workers remain under skilled because of the lack of the perfect means of the training and they do not gain the job stability. The flexible markets and the flexible workplace make the firm more competitive and more efficient as compared with the other organizations within the market segments. The employment pattern of the flexible workplace suits the lifestyle of the many employees, therefore, better positive output can be received. Review the need for equal opportunities in the Workplace The human resource department introduces different types of the strategies for encouraging the diversity practices across various organizations. Equal opportunities should be provided to each of the employees as this will help in maintaining the perfect working conditions within the organization. The aim to provide equal opportunity reflects the idea that there should not be discrimination or bias decision between the opportunities provided to the employees of the firm (Jacobs, 2009). Therefore, it signifies that the person or the candidate that is selected for a particular post should have the desired qualifications, relevant skills and the desired experience as compared with the other employees. These requirements help for the promotion of the respective employees. The next is the workplace diversity, which values everyone associated with the organization irrespective of the caste, sex, religion and other differences. The practicing of the workplace diversity helps in formulating n ew as well as innovative ideas for the growth and the development of the entire organization. The equal opportunity andt6he desired employment practices within the workplace involve the state, the local laws which prohibit discrimination as well as harassment within the workplace. The training and the development process helps the different types of the employees within the organization to find out the best possible measure to improve the overall performance of the organization. The knowledge of the individuals associated with the organization presents different types of the innovative ideas for the development and the growth of that particular organization (Kelemen, 2012). Therefore, it becomes very important for the Human Resource Department to understand the need for the recruitment of the different types of the employees. The diverse workforce aims in delivering the wide variety of ideas, skills, energies and the resources and provides the competitive edge to the business proces ses of the entire organization. The equal opportunities to the individuals within the workplace help in attaining the better understanding of the market segments as well as the consumer behavior towards the organization. The diversity management practices from the human resource department bring out the benefits for the organization as well as for the employees of the organization (Li et al., 2015). On the other hand, it helps in improving the strengths of the employees related to the execution of the different types of the work processes and maintains the effectiveness of the workplace for the concerned organization. There are different types of the workplace policies that are adopted by various organizations in order to increase the effectiveness of the organization. The recruitment of the employees needs to execute perfectly as this helps in recruiting the skilled employees for the organization. Identification of the similarities and differences between current HRM Perspectives Earlier the Human resource department was not successfully established, and then the payroll and the staffing of the employees were managed by the personnel management system within the organization. The human resource department is the new version of the traditional personnel management system of the earlier days. It is the matter of fact that that the present day practices have significantly replaced the personnel management system of the early days. The basic difference between the two is that the personnel management relates to the workforce and the desired relationship, whereas the human resource management system focuses on the efficient and the effective use of the workforce to achieve the desired goals of the organization. There are a lot of the differences between the current and the previous HRM perspectives (Patti, 2009). The key difference between the two is that personnel management treats the employees or the workforce as the machines or the desired tools for the concer ned organization, whereas the Human Resource Department treats the employees or the workforce to be the vital asset of the organization (Shimomura and Kimita, 2013). The Human Resource Department is the advanced and the current version of the personnel management system which considers the employees to be very important for the success of the organization (Truss, Mankin, and Kelliher, 2012). As the perspective of the personnel management system, the pay in the PM system is based on the evaluation of the job whereas in the HRM, the pay is considered to be the performance evaluation. There are several functions of the personnel management system such as the conducting of the job analysis, recruiting, handling promotion and the selecting of the employees internally. On the other hand, it offers health and safety assessment procedures for the employees concerned. The similarities between the two i.e. the personnel management system and the Human Resource system is that both focuses on t he desired importance of the integration (Truss, Mankin, and Kelliher, 2012). The Human Resource department considers the organizational culture, leadership and the strategies to improve the efficiency of the organization. Both perspectives are linked with the development of the employees in different ways and with the achievement of the organizational goals (Wood and Demirbag, 2012). Both of them ensure right selection of the candidates for the benefit of the organization and they provide the responsibility to the managers for looking after the employees as to enhance the efficiency of the organization. Conclusion Human Resource Department plays the most significant and the important role in evaluating the entire growth of the organization on a large scale. It is very important for any of the organization to understand the different perspective of the Human Resource department as it will help to bring out the desired positive results for the organization. The Human Resource Department should facilitate different ways for developing the flexibility within the workforce. The behavioral perspectives of the Human Resource Department regard as the behavior of the employee and to be the moderator among the organizational presentation and the strategy. The human resource department also plays the major role in managing the system perspective and the cost perspective to improve the efficiency of the concerned organization. The fundamental difference among the two is that the personnel management relates to the labor force and the desired connection, whereas the human resource management system focuses on the efficient and the effective use of the workforce. References Abraham, A. and Hassanien, A. (2012). Computational Social Networks. London: Springer London. Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. London: Kogan Page. Culver, S., and Seguin, J. (2014). Media career guide. Boston: Bedford/St Martins. Disselkamp, L. (2009). No boundaries. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Editorial Board. (2005). Human Resource Management Review, 15(2), p.ii. Editorial Board. (2013). Human Resource Management Review, 23(4), p.IFC. Gubler, M., and Mayrhofer, W. (2013). "Applying Sequence Analysis in Career HRM Research: Opportunities, Challenges and New Perspectives". Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.12165-12165. Heery, E., and Noon, M. (2008). A dictionary of human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jacobs, C. (2009). Management rewired. New York, N.Y.: Portfolio. Kelemen, A. (2012). Trends Challenges in Employee Retention - a Comparative Analysis of European Job Preferences. Antwerpen. Li, J., Samolejov, A., ÄŒech, M. and Lampa, M. (2015). Comparison of HRM practices between Chinese and Czech companies. Perspectives in Science. Patti, R. (2009). The handbook of human services management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Shimomura, Y. and Kimita, K. (2013). The philosopher's stone for sustainability. Berlin: Springer. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012). Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012). Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Truss, C., Mankin, D. and Kelliher, C. (2012). Strategic human resource management. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Wood, G., and Demirbag, M. (2012). Handbook of institutional approaches to international business. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.